Sediments
Remediation
- Overview
- Policy and Guidance
- Conceptual Site Models
- Fate and Transport of Contaminants
- Site Characterization
- Risk Assessment
- Remediation
- Additional Resources
Remedial actions at contaminated sediment sites generally fall within four broad categories: monitored natural recovery, in situ capping, and removal by dredging or excavation. Specific discussions appear below.
Contaminated Sediment Remediation Guidance for Hazardous Waste Sites
USEPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, EPA-540/R-05/012, 236 pp, 2005
Contaminated Sediments at Navy Facilities: Cleanup Alternatives
NAVFAC, TDS-2092-ENV, 6 pp, 2002
This document contains a brief description of advantages and disadvantages of monitored natural recovery, in situ capping, dredging, and in situ treatment.
Framework for Long-Term Monitoring of Hazardous Substances at Sediment Sites
ASTSWMO Sediments Focus Group, 58 pp, 2009
This paper discusses methods and resources for long-term monitoring of physical, chemical, and biological attributes at contaminated sediment sites and provides examples of appropriate methods for monitoring the effectiveness of capping, dredging, confined disposal, enhanced natural recovery, in situ treatment, monitored natural attenuation, institutional controls, and no action.
Survey of Sediment Remediation Technologies
Reis, Edson, Andrea Lodolo, Stanislav Miertus
International Centre for Science and High Technology, 124 pp, 2007
This document is a broad review of conventional and innovative technologies for remediation of sediments. It covers both in situ and ex situ treatments.
Sediment Assessment and Monitoring Sheets (SAMS)
Using Fish Tissue Data to Monitor Remedy Effectiveness
U.S. EPA, OSRTI, OSWER Directive 9200.1-77D, SAMS #1, 14 pp, 2008
Many factors can influence the measured concentrations of contaminants in biota tissues. This document provides technical guidance to U.S. EPA staff on developing monitoring plans for contaminated sediment sites. It also provides information to the public and to the regulated community on how EPA intends to exercise its discretion in implementing monitoring plans.
Understanding the Use of Models in Predicting the Effectiveness of Proposed Remedial Actions at Superfund Sediment Sites
U.S. EPA, OSRTI, OSWER Directive 9200.1-96FS, SAMS #2, 36 pp, 2009
This product is a primer for those not experienced in the development and use of models at sediment sites. It explains the typical objectives of modeling, how models are built, how they are used to predict the effectiveness of remedies, and how the uncertainty in model predictions can be addressed.
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