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Ground-Water Circulating Wells

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◊ Air Sparging
◊ Bioreactor Landfills
◊ Bioremediation of Chlorinated Solvents
◊ Bioventing and Biosparging
◊ Electrokinetics: Electric Current Technologies
◊ Fracturing
◊ Ground-Water Circulating Wells
◊ In Situ Flushing
◊ In Situ Oxidation
◊ Multi-Phase Extraction
◊ Natural Attenuation
◊ Permeable Reactive Barriers
◊ Phytoremediation
◊ Remediation Optimization
◊ Soil Vapor Extraction
◊ Soil Washing
◊ Solvent Extraction
◊ Thermal Treatment: Ex Situ
◊ Thermal Treatment: In Situ

Application

Federal Remediation Technologies Roundtable Cost and Performance Case Studies

Advanced Fuel Hydrocarbon Remediation National Test Location: Groundwater Circulation Well Environmental Cleanup Systems
1997. Jeff Heath; Ernie Lory, Naval Facilities Engineering Service Center, Port Hueneme, CA. NFESC-TDS-2014-ENV(REV), NTIS: ADA323875. 4 pp.

This technology data sheet describes the demonstration of a bio-enhanced ground-water circulation well to reduce gasoline contamination levels in ground water.

Airlift Recirculation Well Test Results: Southern Sector
1997. R.M. White; R.A. Hiergesell, Westinghouse Savannah River Co., Aiken, SC. WSRC-TR-97-00246, NTIS: DE97054220, 43 pp.

Two airlift recirculation wells have been installed and tested to quantify performance parameters needed to locate a line of these wells along the leading edge of a TCE and PCE plume. The zone of capture has been estimated to be within a radius of 130 - 160 ft. around the wells. At SSR-012, TCE was stripped from the ground water at approximately 1.2 lb./day. The longer term effect of the recirculation wells upon the plume and the degree of recirculation within the aquifer itself is being studied.

Capture Zone Analyses of Two Airlift Recirculation Wells in the Southern Sector of NM Area
S.E. Aleman and L.L. Hamm.
WSRC-TR-99-00203, 76 pp, 1999

Development of a Vertical Recirculation Well System for the A/M Area of the Savannah River Site
1996. D.G. Jackson Jr.; B.B. Looney, Westinghouse Savannah River Company, AIKEN, SC. WSRC-RP--96-477, NTIS Order Number DE98052107, 150 pp.

This report describes the development and siting of a recirculation well system to contain the 500 ppb trichloroethylene isoconcentration contour within each sector of a dissolved chlorinated solvent plume at the Savannah River site.

Direct Push Groundwater Circulation Wells for Remediation of BTEX and Volatile Organics
R.C. Borden and R.S. Cherry.
INEEL/EXT-2000-01147, 78 pp, 2000

Field Applications of In Situ Remediation Technologies: Ground-Water Circulation Wells
EPA 542-R-98-009 , 1998

This report is one in a series that document recent pilot demonstrations and full-scale applications that either treat soil and ground water in situ or increase the solubility and mobility of contaminants to improve their removal by other remediation technologies. It is hoped that this information will allow more regular consideration of new, less costly, and more effective technologies to address the problems associated with hazardous waste sites and petroleum contamination.

Field Demonstration of In Situ Perchlorate Bioremediation at Building 1419
2004. R.J. Cramer, C. Yates, P. Hatzinger, and J. Diebold. NOSSA-TR-2004-001, 84 pp.

Field Evaluation of a Horizontal Well Recirculation System for Groundwater Treatment: Field Demonstration at X-701B Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant, Piketon, Ohio
1998. N. Korte; M. Muck; P. Kearl; R. Siegrist; R. Schlosser; J. Zutman; T. Houk. ORNL/TM--13529, NTIS: DE98058132, 173 pp.

This report describes the field-scale demonstration performed at the Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant to evaluate in situ treatment of ground water using horizontal recirculation coupled with treatment modules. Ground-water contamination at X-701B consists of trichloroethene and technetium-99.

Field Evaluation of a Horizontal Well Recirculation System for Groundwater Treatment: Pilot Test at the Clean Test Site Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant, Piketon, Ohio
1998, M.T. Muck; P.M. Kearl; R.L. Siegrist. ORNL/TM--13531, NTIS: DE98058133, 206 pp.

This report presents the results of field testing a horizontal well recirculation system at the Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant. The recirculation system uses a pair of horizontal wells to set up a recirculation flow field: one well for ground-water extraction and treatment and the other for reinjection of treated ground water. The overall purpose of this project is to study treatment of mixed ground-water contaminants that occur in a thin water-bearing zone not easily targeted by traditional vertical wells. The results of the pilot test at an uncontaminated site, the Clean Test Site, are presented.

A Field-Scale Test of In Situ Chemical Oxidation through Recirculation
1998. O.R. West; S.R. Cline; W.L. Holden; F.G. Gardner; B.M. Schlosser; R.L. Siegrist; T.C. Houk. ORNL/CP-98459, NTIS: DE98003584, 9 pp.

Successful implementation of in situ chemical oxidation requires an effective means for dispersing the oxidant to contaminated regions in the subsurface. A technique has been developed in which an oxidant is added to extracted ground water, and the oxidant-laden ground water is then injected and recirculated into a contaminated aquifer through multiple horizontal and/or vertical wells. This technique is referred to as in situ chemical oxidation through recirculation (ISCOR). A field-scale test of ISCOR using a pair of parallel horizontal wells with 200-ft screened sections was conducted at Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant where ground water is contaminated with TCE.

A Full-Scale Demonstration of In Situ Chemical Oxidation through Recirculation at the X-701B Site
1997. O.R. West, et al. ORNL/TM-13556, NTIS: DE98006011, 110 pp.

In 1997, the Department of Energy undertook a month-long, field-scale treatability study using in situ chemical oxidation through recirculation (ISCOR) technology at a Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant site where TCE contaminates ground water and sediments. Available through the DOE Information Bridge.

Groundwater Circulation Well (GCW) Technology Evaluation at the Massachusetts Military Reservation (MMR), Cape Cod, Massachusetts
Air Force Center for Environmental Excellence, 80 pp, 1997

Hydrotechnics In Situ Flow Sensor: Technology Evaluation Report
U.S. EPA, Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) Program.
EPA 540-R-02-500, 227 pp, 2001

The Wasatch Environmental, Inc., ground-water circulation well is a dual-screened, in-well air-stripping system designed to remove volatile organic compounds from ground water using a ground-water flow pattern that forms a circulation cell. EPA evaluated the performance of ground-water velocity flow sensors in measuring the 3-D flow pattern created by operation of the GCW circulation cell. The sensors were developed at Sandia National Laboratories and manufactured by HydroTechnics, Inc.

In Situ Enhanced Source Removal
1999. Enfield, Carl (U.S. EPA), and others. EPA 600-C-99-002.

This report assesses the results of demonstrations of the following technologies: co-solvent solubilization, co-solvent mobilization, surfactant solubilization, surfactant mobilization, micro-emulsions, macromolecular complexation, steam injection, air sparging, and soil vapor extraction.

In Situ Treatment of Mixed Contaminants in Groundwater: Application of Zero-Valence Iron and Palladized Iron for Treatment of Groundwater Contaminated with Trichloroethene and Technetium-99
1997. N.E. Korte; M.T. Muck; J.L. Zutman; R.M. Schlosser, Oak Ridge National Lab., Grand Junction, CO; and others. ORNL/TM--13530, NTIS: DE98007041, 114 pp.

Unit processes were packaged as modular components in vertical and/or horizontal recirculation wells for treatment of trichloroethene (TCE) and technetium (Tc-99) in ground water. The project objectives included evaluation of horizontal wells for inducing ground-water recirculation, development of below-ground treatment modules for simultaneous removal of VOCs and radionuclides, and demonstration of a coupled system (treatment module with recirculation well) at a DOE field site where both contaminants were present in the ground water. This report is limited to the innovative treatment aspects of the program.

In-Well Vapor Stripping Technology. Innovative Technology Summary Report
2002. U.S. DOE, Office of Environmental Management. DOE/EM-0626, 50 pp.

In 1999, a UVB System was installed to remove chlorinated solvents from ground water at DOE's Brookhaven National Laboratory in Upton, NY.

Investigation of Groundwater Recirculation for the Removal of RDX from the Pantex Plant Perched Aquifer
1998. K.M. Boles; R.J. Charbeneau; S. Black; K. Rainwater; D.L. Barnes. ANRCP-1998-7, 104 pp.

A pilot dual-phase extraction treatment system has been installed at one location at the Pantex plant to test the effectiveness of such a system on the removal of high explosive (HE) compounds from the perched aquifer below the plant.

MACTEC, Inc., NoVOCs Technology: Technology Evaluation Report
2000. U.S. EPA, Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) Program. EPA 540-R-00-502a, 172 pp + appendixes D-F in separate volumes.

Roy F. Weston, Inc. and IEG Technologies Corporation Unterdruck-Verdampfer-Brunnen (UVB) Technology: Innovative Technology Evaluation Report
1999. Tetra Tech EM, Inc., Cincinnati, OH. EPA 540-R-95-500, NTIS: PB2000-101632, 180 pp.

The Unterdruck-Verdampfer-Brunnen (UVB) technology developed by IEG Technologies Corporation was demonstrated in association with Roy F. Weston over a period of 12 months from April 1993 to May 1994 at March AFB in Riverside, California, under EPA's Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) program. UVB is a patented in situ ground-water remediation technology developed in Germany that combines air-lift pumping and air stripping to clean aquifers contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Once the upward stream of water leaves the stripping reactor, the water falls back through the well casing and returns to the aquifer through the upper well screen. This return flow to the aquifer, coupled with inflow at the well bottom, circulates groundwater around the UVB well. The extent of the circulation pattern is known as the radius of circulation cell, which determines the volume of water affected by the UVB system.

Treatment of Chlorinated Aliphatic Contamination of Groundwater by Horizontal Recirculation Wells and by Constructed Vertical Flow Wetlands
M.L. Shelley, M.N. Goltz, J.P. Amon, and A. Agrawal.
AFIT-EN-TR-02-05, 68 pp, 2002

This work explores the remediation of chlorinated ethene solvents in ground water by means of ground-water circulation wells (GCWs) with downwell zero-valent metal reductive dechlorination reactors and constructed vertical subsurface-flow wetlands.