CLU-IN.ORG | Technology Focus: THERMAL TREATMENT: IN SITU, Guidance

Thermal Treatment: In Situ

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◊ Air Sparging
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◊ Bioremediation of Chlorinated Solvents
◊ Bioventing and Biosparging
◊ Electrokinetics: Electric Current Technologies
◊ Fracturing
◊ Ground-Water Circulating Wells
◊ In Situ Flushing
◊ In Situ Oxidation
◊ Multi-Phase Extraction
◊ Natural Attenuation
◊ Permeable Reactive Barriers
◊ Phytoremediation
◊ Remediation Optimization
◊ Soil Vapor Extraction
◊ Soil Washing
◊ Solvent Extraction
◊ Thermal Treatment: Ex Situ
◊ Thermal Treatment: In Situ

For more information on Thermal Treatment - In Situ, please contact:

Jim Cummings
Technology Assessment Branch
(703) 603-7197
cummings.james@epa.gov

Guidance

Analysis of Selected Enhancements for Soil Vapor Extraction
EPA 542-R-97-007, 246 pp, 1997.

This report provides an engineering analysis of, and status report on, selected enhancements for the following soil vapor extraction (SVE) treatment technologies: air sparging, dual-phase extraction, directional drilling, pneumatic and hydraulic fracturing, and thermal enhancement. It also offers an evaluation of each technology's applicability to various site conditions, cost and performance information, a list of vendors specializing in the technologies, a discussion of relative strengths and limitations of the technologies, recommendations to keep in mind when considering the enhancements, and extensive references.

Contaminants in the Subsurface: Source Zone Assessment and Remediation
National Research Council, Committee on Source Removal of Contaminants in the Subsurface. National Academies Press, Washington, DC. ISBN: 030909447X, 383 pp, 2004.

After discussing the definition of 'source zone' and the characterization thereof, this report reviews the suite of technologies (including steam flushing, conductive heating, and electrical resistance heating) available for source remediation and their ability to reach a variety of cleanup goals, from meeting regulatory standards for ground water to reducing costs. The report proposes elements of a protocol for accomplishing source remediation that should enable project managers to decide whether and how to pursue source remediation at a site.

The DNAPL Remediation Challenge: Is There a Case for Source Depletion?
Expert Panel on DNAPL Remediation.
EPA 600-R-03-143, 129 pp, 2003

Design: In Situ Thermal Remediation
U.S. Army Corps Of Engineers.
DoD Unified Facilities Criteria: UFC 3-280-05, 258 pp, July 2006

This document provides guidance and background for the appropriate screening and selection of the following technologies: steam-enhanced extraction, electrical resistivity heating, and thermal conductive heating.

Feasibility Study: Preliminary Documented Safety Analysis for In Situ Thermal Desorption in the Subsurface Disposal Area
D.G. Abbott, Idaho Completion Project, Idaho Falls.
INEEL/EXT-03-00962, 50 pp, 2003

In-Situ Thermal Treatment of Contaminated Soils and Groundwater
U.S. EPA, Environmental Response Team.
Videorecording (23 min.), 2002.

Three thermal methods for cleaning DNAPL-contaminated soils are discussed. Each heats the soils, contaminants, and groundwater and then removes the mobilized contaminants.

Innovative Site Remediation Technologies Design and Application, Volume 6: Thermal Destruction
F.W. Holm, C.R. Cooley, J.J. Cudahy, C.R. Dempsey, J.P. Longwell, R.S. Magee, and W.G. May. American Academy of Environmental Engineers. Annapolis, MD. ISBN: 1-883767-22-9, 182 pp, 1998. [EPA 542-B-97-009]

Issue Paper: How Heat Can Enhance In Situ Soil and Aquifer Remediation
Eva L. Davis.
EPA 540-S-97-502, 18 pp, 1997.

This issue paper contains in-depth information on the properties of some common organic contaminants that affect their movement in and recovery from the subsurface, as well as information on how these properties are affected by temperature.

Soil Vapor Extraction Using Radio Frequency Heating: Resource Manual and Technology Demonstration
D.F. Lowe, C.L. Oubre, and C.H. Ward.
CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton, FL. ISBN: 1566704642, 1999.

Addresses measurement procedures, engineering design, costs and economic analyses, and potential applications.

Steam Injection for Soil and Aquifer Remediation. Ground Water Issue
Eva L. Davis.
EPA 540-S-97-505, 16 pp, 1998.

Strategies for Monitoring the Performance of DNAPL Source Zone Remedies
Interstate Technology and Regulatory Council (ITRC) Dense Nonaqueous-Phase Liquids Team. DNAPLs-5, 206 pp., Aug 2004.

This document presents ways in which success or failure in treating a DNAPL source zone has been measured.