This 8-part internet seminar series covers material that generally is not presented in XRF presentations or training courses. This is an applications course: how can a FP-XRF be used so that its data are highly dependable and defensible. Sampling design and sample handling options for FP-XRF will be covered, along with the benefits and limitations of each. Analytical and QC concerns common to using XRF are also discussed. This course will be of interest to staff developing XRF sampling and analysis plans, reviewing the plans for quality assurance, field operators, and users of XRF data for making project decisions. Concepts and practice will be illustrated using experiences from actual field projects. The capabilities of newer FP-XRF instruments will be described. Participants may register for any session of interest, but are highly encouraged to attend all 8 sessions for the full benefit of the course.

Session 2 will explain what is meant by representativeness, how to judge whether samples are representative, and how to increase representativeness.

This 8-part internet seminar series covers material that generally is not presented in XRF presentations or training courses. This is an applications course: how can a FP-XRF be used so that its data are highly dependable and defensible. Sampling design and sample handling options for FP-XRF will be covered, along with the benefits and limitations of each. Analytical and QC concerns common to using XRF are also discussed. This course will be of interest to staff developing XRF sampling and analysis plans, reviewing the plans for quality assurance, field operators, and users of XRF data for making project decisions. Concepts and practice will be illustrated using experiences from actual field projects. The capabilities of newer FP-XRF instruments will be described. Participants may register for any session of interest, but are highly encouraged to attend all 8 sessions for the full benefit of the course.

Session 3 will explain the concept of support to increase representativeness, including decision support, sample support, and measurement support.

This session will provide participants information on hazardous waste recycling issues. Recycling determinations have always been open for wide differences in interpretations. Perhaps some of the smoke can be dispelled so the mirrors are visible. The discussion will be geared to the federal regulations with the understanding that authorized states can be and often are more restrictive or have differing interpretations. Areas to be discussed include the importance of making correct solid waste determinations from the infamous 40 CFR Part 261 Table 1, separate solid waste exclusions, separate hazardous waste exclusions, scrap metal, and other more esoteric recycling issues. There will be time to discuss some recycling cases. Come prepared to engage.

The EPA Region 8 Grant Writing Workshop is designed to assist local governments, tribes and nonprofit organizations to better understand the proposal criteria and selection process for EPA's Brownfields Assessment, Cleanup and Revolving Loan Fund grants. EPA Region 8 is comprised of communities in Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, Wyoming, and 27 tribal nations. Major workshop agenda topics will include:

• What are the different grant types EPA provides for brownfields?
• Who is eligible to apply?
• What is the grant application process?
• What are threshold and ranking criteria and how have they changed this year?
• What makes a good application?
• Grant writing tips

This 8-part internet seminar series covers material that generally is not presented in XRF presentations or training courses. This is an applications course: how can a FP-XRF be used so that its data are highly dependable and defensible. Sampling design and sample handling options for FP-XRF will be covered, along with the benefits and limitations of each. Analytical and QC concerns common to using XRF are also discussed. This course will be of interest to staff developing XRF sampling and analysis plans, reviewing the plans for quality assurance, field operators, and users of XRF data for making project decisions. Concepts and practice will be illustrated using experiences from actual field projects. The capabilities of newer FP-XRF instruments will be described. Participants may register for any session of interest, but are highly encouraged to attend all 8 sessions for the full benefit of the course.

Session 4 will explain the importance of conducting a demonstration of method applicability and describe how to conduct a DMA.

This 8-part internet seminar series covers material that generally is not presented in XRF presentations or training courses. This is an applications course: how can a FP-XRF be used so that its data are highly dependable and defensible. Sampling design and sample handling options for FP-XRF will be covered, along with the benefits and limitations of each. Analytical and QC concerns common to using XRF are also discussed. This course will be of interest to staff developing XRF sampling and analysis plans, reviewing the plans for quality assurance, field operators, and users of XRF data for making project decisions. Concepts and practice will be illustrated using experiences from actual field projects. The capabilities of newer FP-XRF instruments will be described. Participants may register for any session of interest, but are highly encouraged to attend all 8 sessions for the full benefit of the course.

Session 5 will describe the quality control issues associated with the XRF, including XRF calibration and QC, calibration options, "standards" versus "control" samples, NIST reference materials, and troubleshooting XRF problems.

This 8-part internet seminar series covers material that generally is not presented in XRF presentations or training courses. This is an applications course: how can a FP-XRF be used so that its data are highly dependable and defensible. Sampling design and sample handling options for FP-XRF will be covered, along with the benefits and limitations of each. Analytical and QC concerns common to using XRF are also discussed. This course will be of interest to staff developing XRF sampling and analysis plans, reviewing the plans for quality assurance, field operators, and users of XRF data for making project decisions. Concepts and practice will be illustrated using experiences from actual field projects. The capabilities of newer FP-XRF instruments will be described. Participants may register for any session of interest, but are highly encouraged to attend all 8 sessions for the full benefit of the course.

Session 6 will describe the systematic planning process and the use adaptive analytics and collaborative data sets.

This 8-part internet seminar series covers material that generally is not presented in XRF presentations or training courses. This is an applications course: how can a FP-XRF be used so that its data are highly dependable and defensible. Sampling design and sample handling options for FP-XRF will be covered, along with the benefits and limitations of each. Analytical and QC concerns common to using XRF are also discussed. This course will be of interest to staff developing XRF sampling and analysis plans, reviewing the plans for quality assurance, field operators, and users of XRF data for making project decisions. Concepts and practice will be illustrated using experiences from actual field projects. The capabilities of newer FP-XRF instruments will be described. Participants may register for any session of interest, but are highly encouraged to attend all 8 sessions for the full benefit of the course.

Session 7 will describe the process for using the XRF to evaluate unknown conditions, including decision-making aids, regression analysis, non-parametric optimization of decision errors, and GeoBayesian approach.

This seminar will cover the results of an ESTCP-funded (www.estcp.org) demonstration of the use of the high-resolution piezocone direct push sensor probe to determine direction and rate of ground water flow in three dimensions. Field hydraulic measurements can be used to determine seepage velocity distributions through interpolation methods recently incorporated into Groundwater Modeling System. Probe data comprised of soil type and co-located hydraulic information is particularly amenable to innovative data fusion based interpolations available through the modeling platform. Following chemical concentration data collection, these innovative data processing approaches allow for the determination of flux distributions at resolutions and spatial configurations never before available. Field scale data collection, interpolation, and modeling results will be presented and discussed. Final technical report for the ESTCP demonstration can be found at http://www.estcp.org/Technology/upload/ER-0421-FR.pdf.

Acid mine drainage and acid rock drainage contain sulfuric acid together with heavy metals. Biological treatment often relies on sulfate reducing bacteria which use organic electron donating substrates to enable bacteria to reduce sulfate to sulfide, subsequently sulfides precipitate heavy metals. However, excess sulfides are released from the treatment system, so the process is not very effective in removing sulfur. Excess sulfides have oxygen demand, are corrosive and malodorous. A process developed at the University of Arizona uses zero valent iron (ZVI) either alone or mixed with organic substrates. The main advantage of using ZVI is that ferrous iron (Fe²⁺) released from its corrosion will precipitate sulfides formed by sulfate reduction, thereby avoiding the discharge of excess sulfides from the barrier system. Additionally ZVI has other advantages. ZVI is a slow release electron that can supply electrons equivalents for sulfate reduction over prolonged periods of time. ZVI itself can directly reduce heavy metals such as copper to metallic forms and thus provides an additional mechanism of removing heavy metals. Lastly the corrosion of ZVI creates substantial alkalinity which is useful for neutralizing severly acid rock drainage.

Two laboratory-scale packed bed column experiments were conducted to study the impact of ZVI on the treatment of acid rock drainage by sulfate reduction, imitating a biologically active permeable reactive barrier (PRB). A control column was packed with a compost and limestone mixture. A complete treatment reactor was composed of a compost, limestone and ZVI mixture (ZVI 10% by volume). Both reactors were inoculated with a mixed culture containing sulfate reducing bacteria. The reactors were fed with a synthetic acid rock drainage (SARD) containing 250 mg/l of sulfate and copper (10 to 25 ppm). The SARD was fed at a hydraulic retention time of 24 h. Initially the pH of the synthetic acid rock drainage was set at 7; however. the pH of this influent was progressively decreased to 3 so as to imitate the severely acidic conditions of real acid rock drainage.

The complete treatment with ZVI provided: two-fold greater levels of sulfate reduction while discharging 3-fold less sulfide compared to the control reactor. Sulfide formed in the ZVI-containing reactor was thus effectively precipitated as FeS. The ZVI containing column had effluent pH values that were on the average 3 units higher compared to the effluent of the control reactor lacking ZVI, emphasizing the large impact of ZVI on generating additional alkalinity. During the operation of both columns, copper was effectively removed. The copper removal efficiency was 96.8% (±1.1) and 93.4% (±2.2) in the treatment and control columns, respectively.

The results taken as a whole clearly indicate that inclusion of a small percentage of ZVI in the PRB greatly increased the increased sulfate reduction, decreased release of sulfide, and produced more alkalinity compared to the control column. This was achieved while maintaining nearly complete removal of copper.

This 8-part internet seminar series covers material that generally is not presented in XRF presentations or training courses. This is an applications course: how can a FP-XRF be used so that its data are highly dependable and defensible. Sampling design and sample handling options for FP-XRF will be covered, along with the benefits and limitations of each. Analytical and QC concerns common to using XRF are also discussed. This course will be of interest to staff developing XRF sampling and analysis plans, reviewing the plans for quality assurance, field operators, and users of XRF data for making project decisions. Concepts and practice will be illustrated using experiences from actual field projects. The capabilities of newer FP-XRF instruments will be described. Participants may register for any session of interest, but are highly encouraged to attend all 8 sessions for the full benefit of the course.

Session 8 This session will review Q&A review for all sessions and resources.

A Systematic Approach for Evaluation of Capture Zones at Pump and Treat Systems presents a systematic approach for the evaluation of capture zones at pump and treat systems, and provides an overview of a recently published USEPA document on the topic (EPA 600/R-08/003, January 2008). The target audience for the course is project managers who review those analyses and/or make decisions based on these types of analyses. This course will highlight:

• The importance of capture zone analysis during ground water remediation, particularly for sites requiring containment
• Key concepts of capture, such as "target capture zones" and "converging lines of evidence"
• Typical errors made in capture zone analysis

• Step 1: Review site data, site conceptual model, and remedy objectives
• Step 2: Define site-specific Target Capture Zone(s)
• Step 3: Interpret water levels
  • Potentiometric surface maps (horizontal) and water level difference maps (vertical)
  • Water level pairs (gradient control points)
Step 4: Perform calculations (as appropriate based on site complexity)
• Estimated flow rate calculation
• Capture zone width calculation
• Modeling (analytical and/or numerical) to simulate water levels, in conjunction with particle tracking and/or transport modeling
• Step 5: Evaluate concentration trends
• Step 6: Interpret actual capture based on steps 1-5, compare to Target Capture Zone(s), and assess uncertainties and data gaps

The EPA Region 8 Grant Writing Workshop is designed to assist local governments, tribes and nonprofit organizations to better understand the proposal criteria and selection process for EPA's Brownfields Assessment, Cleanup and Revolving Loan Fund grants. EPA Region 8 is comprised of communities in Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, Wyoming, and 27 tribal nations. Major workshop agenda topics will include:

• What are the different grant types EPA provides for brownfields?
• Who is eligible to apply?
• What is the grant application process?
• What are threshold and ranking criteria and how have they changed this year?
• What makes a good application?
• Grant writing tips

A Systematic Approach for Evaluation of Capture Zones at Pump and Treat Systems presents a systematic approach for the evaluation of capture zones at pump and treat systems, and provides an overview of a recently published USEPA document on the topic (EPA 600/R-08/003, January 2008). The target audience for the course is project managers who review those analyses and/or make decisions based on these types of analyses. This course will highlight:

• The importance of capture zone analysis during ground water remediation, particularly for sites requiring containment
• Key concepts of capture, such as "target capture zones" and "converging lines of evidence"
• Typical errors made in capture zone analysis

• Step 1: Review site data, site conceptual model, and remedy objectives
• Step 2: Define site-specific Target Capture Zone(s)
• Step 3: Interpret water levels
  • Potentiometric surface maps (horizontal) and water level difference maps (vertical)
  • Water level pairs (gradient control points)
Step 4: Perform calculations (as appropriate based on site complexity)
• Estimated flow rate calculation
• Capture zone width calculation
• Modeling (analytical and/or numerical) to simulate water levels, in conjunction with particle tracking and/or transport modeling
• Step 5: Evaluate concentration trends
• Step 6: Interpret actual capture based on steps 1-5, compare to Target Capture Zone(s), and assess uncertainties and data gaps

Performance-based environmental management (PBEM) is a strategic, goal-oriented methodology that is implemented through effective planning and decision logic to reach a desired end state of site cleanup. The goal of PBEM is to be protective of human health and the environment while efficiently implementing appropriate streamlined cleanup processes. The major components of PBEM include: systematic planning; effective communications; agreement of a land use risk strategy; current conceptual site model; decision logic analysis; remediation process optimization (RPO); ARAR analysis; exit strategy development; and performance-based contracting including environmental insurance.

This ITRC training presents an overview of what PBEM is, explains how and when to implement it, and describes the issues that regulators are concerned about throughout PBEM's implementation. Case studies will be presented to illustrate successful PBEM projects. The course is valuable not only because PBEM is being proposed and implemented at many federal and private sites throughout the country, but also because PBEM provides an opportunity to enhance all site remediation.

This training is geared to those in the environmental remediation field including Federal, state and local government officials; owners or operators of sites, and consultants. The course will be most beneficial if the participant has taken one of ITRC's remediation process optimization courses. Online archives are available for What is Remediation Process Optimization and How Can It Help Me Identify Opportunities for Enhanced and More Efficient Site Remediation? and for Remediation Process Optimization - Advanced Training. These courses are recommended as pre-requisites, but are not required. The training materials are based on the ITRC RPO Team's Technical Regulatory Guidance Document: Improving Environmental Site Remediation Through Performance-Based Environmental Management (RPO-7, November 2007).

Treatment of dissolved-phase chlorinated ethenes in groundwater using in situ bioremediation (ISB) is an established technology; however, its use for DNAPL source zones is an emerging application. This training course supports the ITRC Technical and Regulatory Guidance document In Situ Bioremediation of Chlorinated Ethene: DNAPL Source Zones (BioDNAPL-3, 2008). This document provides the regulatory community, stakeholders, and practitioners with the general steps practitioners and regulators can use to objectively assess, design, monitor, and optimize ISB treatment of DNAPL source zones. The objective is to provide adequate technology background for the user to understand the general and key aspects of ISB for treatment of chlorinated ethene DNAPL source zones. It is not intended to be a step-by-step instruction manual for remedial design, but describes technology-specific considerations for application of ISB of DNAPL source zones.

For this training and guidance document, a DNAPL source zone includes the zone that encompasses the entire subsurface volume in which DNAPL is present either at residual saturation or as "pools" that accumulate above confining units. The DNAPL source zone includes regions that have come into contact with DNAPL and may be storing contaminant mass as a result of diffusion of DNAPL into the soil matrix. Even though DNAPLs may be present in both the unsaturated and saturated zones, the discussion of ISB of DNAPL source zones in this training and guidance document focuses on treatment of DNAPL source zones within the saturated zone.

Two goals of any DNAPL source treatment technology are to 1) reduce the mass of contaminants within the source area and 2) prevent migration of contaminants above unacceptable levels. The enhanced ISB technology reduces source mass and controls flux through the enhanced dissolution and desorption of DNAPL constituents into the aqueous phase, and subsequent microbially mediated degradation processes. Although enhanced ISB of DNAPL source zones has been demonstrated in the field at a few chlorinated solvent sites, expectations for rapid depletion of the source zone must be realistic. This training and guidance provide detailed requirements necessary to support the realistic determination of goals for ISB of a DNAPL source zone.