WEBVTT 1 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:01.000 On the intersection technology and Regulatory Council. Welcome to today's training. 2 00:00:01.000 --> 00:00:10.000 Itrc strategies for preventing and managing harmful cyanobacteria blooms. 3 00:00:10.000 --> 00:00:14.000 My name is Devin. Such car. I'm your moderator today from Arlington, Virginia. 4 00:00:14.000 --> 00:00:15.000 This training is an introduction to the Itrc online Guidance. 5 00:00:15.000 --> 00:00:23.000 Document of the same name produced by Itrc in 2,021 today's training is sponsored by the interstate technology and regulatory Council or Itrc. 6 00:00:23.000 --> 00:00:33.000 And is hosted by the Us EPA. Cleanup information network, also known as quote 7 00:00:33.000 --> 00:00:51.000 The interstate technology and Regulatory Council is a program of the Environmental Council of States Itrc is a state-led organization composed of over 1,000 members from State agencies, Federal government Academia the private sector and community Stakeholders myrc members participate in technical teams which produce 8 00:00:51.000 --> 00:00:57.000 tools, resources, and training courses such as the one you're producing on today. 9 00:00:57.000 --> 00:01:00.000 The full itrc disclaimer is available on our website. 10 00:01:00.000 --> 00:01:04.000 If you plan to use any Itrc materials, we ask that you review that policy in detail, and be sure to credit Itrc. 11 00:01:04.000 --> 00:01:05.000 Accordingly, Itrc is partially funded by the Us. 12 00:01:05.000 --> 00:01:16.000 Government, Itrc. Nor the Us. Government warranty any materials, or endorse any specific products. 13 00:01:16.000 --> 00:01:21.000 So before I turn this over to our expert speaker today I'm gonna set the stage with some general information. 14 00:01:21.000 --> 00:01:35.000 So why is it important to have a guidance document focused on sino bacteria cyanobacteria, or native species, found in nearly every type of aquatic environment lakes rivers, wetlands even damp soil and lakes ponds and rivers they can 15 00:01:35.000 --> 00:01:39.000 become very abundant, forming masses of signo bacteria, known as blooms. 16 00:01:39.000 --> 00:01:45.000 Under some conditions they may also produce compound harmful to people in animals called cyanotoxins. 17 00:01:45.000 --> 00:01:51.000 Every year, locations around the Us. Report blooms that have been linked to human illnesses, and in some case animal deaths. 18 00:01:51.000 --> 00:01:58.000 This causes impacts to recreation, drinking water, farming, and wildlife 19 00:01:58.000 --> 00:02:02.000 Oh, excuse me under 20 00:02:02.000 --> 00:02:08.000 Oh, no sorry. Current science indicates that the future is right for cyanobacteria. 21 00:02:08.000 --> 00:02:24.000 Environmental conditions around the world are increasingly expected to move towards those that cyanobacteria love a warming climate means longer growing seasons, and warmer lakes and areas that don't have them right now increasing precipitation means that more surface runoff reaches our waters and that 22 00:02:24.000 --> 00:02:28.000 Runoff is expected to carry more of the nutrients. Cyanobacteria needs to grow so more places to live, and lots of food to grow. 23 00:02:28.000 --> 00:02:42.000 We need to be thinking about how step about the steps we and we we can, and need to take to make it more difficult for cyanobacteria to grow 24 00:02:42.000 --> 00:02:46.000 The Iteracy Guidance document built on the extensive experience of the Irc. 25 00:02:46.000 --> 00:02:48.000 Hcb. Team members from 2,018 to 2,020 team members represented Federal State and local experience. 26 00:02:48.000 --> 00:02:59.000 Natural resources, public health staff scientists and people living around lakes. 27 00:02:59.000 --> 00:03:08.000 Not everyone's experience has experience responding to Hcvs in the same way, and having these divers perspectives, was key to building the guidance document. 28 00:03:08.000 --> 00:03:13.000 The team, discussed what worked, what didn't, and what aspects of sign of bacteria management are important to consider. 29 00:03:13.000 --> 00:03:19.000 Yeah, Itrc: team purposely brought all aspects of sign of bacteria responses together into one document. 30 00:03:19.000 --> 00:03:21.000 The Itrc Guidance, document, share successful approaches used around the country and links you to resources that you can explore. 31 00:03:21.000 --> 00:03:32.000 As you learn more about signing up bacteria management and responses 32 00:03:32.000 --> 00:03:33.000 So with that I have the pleasure of introducing our expert speakers today. 33 00:03:33.000 --> 00:03:58.000 They will cover 5 topics in Cyano, bacteria management and response to kick us off today is Gina while Labor Day, with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources for the introduction of Cyanobacteria 34 00:03:58.000 --> 00:03:59.000 Okay. Great. Well, thanks for joining us today. Everyone. So today I'll be reviewing the Hcb. 35 00:03:59.000 --> 00:04:08.000 Introduction which you can find in section 3 of the Hcb. 36 00:04:08.000 --> 00:04:10.000 Guidance, document, I'll be giving a brief introduction to sign a bacteria biology, and ecology. 37 00:04:10.000 --> 00:04:27.000 I'll review the terminology that we used in the guidance document, and all briefly go over the health concerns that are associated with Hcbs and current regulations and guidance 38 00:04:27.000 --> 00:04:34.000 So when we're talking about sin, a bacteria we're talking about blue green algae. 39 00:04:34.000 --> 00:04:36.000 So sign a bacteria. I'm sorry I'm I'm ahead of myself here, so I'm gonna start out with some sign of bacteria basics. 40 00:04:36.000 --> 00:04:56.000 So sign of bacteria are naturally occurring, and are widely distributed across both aquatic and terrestrial environments in the guidance document we focused on those in freshwater and estuary habits so sign a bacteria do have some 41 00:04:56.000 --> 00:05:10.000 Beneficial ecological roles, such as serving as a food source for other organisms, providing oxygen via photosynthesis and some are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen into a form that's usable by lg and plants which uses 42 00:05:10.000 --> 00:05:13.000 Specialized cells that you see indicated by the arrow sign. A bacteria. 43 00:05:13.000 --> 00:05:31.000 Have some unique characteristics that help them to form persistent blooms, including forming resting stages, or dormant stages such as this enlarged cell that you see indicated by the second arrow so sign bacteria with planktonic cyanide bacteria, which float in the water 44 00:05:31.000 --> 00:05:42.000 Column can regulate their buoyancy, using the gas vesicles that you see as the dark bodies in the cell indicated by the bottom most arrow in the photograph 45 00:05:42.000 --> 00:05:46.000 So what to sign a bacteria look like? And how can you tell them, apart from other green things and aquatic systems? 46 00:05:46.000 --> 00:05:55.000 We have a really great visual guide to the common harmful sin of bacteria in Appendix, A. Of the guidance document. 47 00:05:55.000 --> 00:06:10.000 It's a video on how to identify scient a bacteria blooms the visual guide has field photographs of blooms and microscopic images into covers, sign a bacteria by what form they grow in such as in colonies or filaments and by 48 00:06:10.000 --> 00:06:16.000 What habitat they grow in, such as planktonic, and the water column versus benthic attached to surfaces or on sediments on the bottom of aquatic habitats the guide. 49 00:06:16.000 --> 00:06:34.000 Also includes examples of things other than sign a bacteria, such as plants, filamentous algae, and other kinds of algae, as there are many things that are often mistaken for sin of bacteria. 50 00:06:34.000 --> 00:06:39.000 So now I'm going to start out by reviewing some of the terminology that we used in the Hcb. 51 00:06:39.000 --> 00:06:45.000 Guidance document. So when we talk about sin a bacteria, we're actually talking about blue, green algee. 52 00:06:45.000 --> 00:07:00.000 Sign it back bacteria is the more scientific term, since sino bacteria are actually true bacteria, that voteosynthesize in the group that's considered to be algae encompasses many other things other than bacteria so it's important to remember that 53 00:07:00.000 --> 00:07:08.000 Not all harmful. Lg. Blooms, known by the acronym halves, Hjbs, our harmful sinobacterial blooms, for which we, use the Acronym. 54 00:07:08.000 --> 00:07:13.000 Hcbs, and which you may have seen elsewhere as Cyanohabs. 55 00:07:13.000 --> 00:07:19.000 There are other algae that can form habs or nuisance blooms in fresh water, or marine habitats. 56 00:07:19.000 --> 00:07:26.000 The bottom photo here is Spira Gyra, which is a filamentous green algebra, and you can see that it's superficially resembles the Hcb. 57 00:07:26.000 --> 00:07:32.000 In the photo at the upper right 58 00:07:32.000 --> 00:07:34.000 So the terms that we use for sign a bacterial accumulations can vary based on the location and type of accumulation. 59 00:07:34.000 --> 00:07:42.000 They can also integrate, or more than one type can be present. 60 00:07:42.000 --> 00:07:47.000 So blooms are visual accumulations of sinobacteria in the water column. 61 00:07:47.000 --> 00:07:51.000 You can see them as discolored water as you see in these 2 photographs. 62 00:07:51.000 --> 00:08:04.000 The guidance document focuses on planktonic sign of bacteria which float in the water, and which may be concentrated at the surface throughout the water column or at a depth 63 00:08:04.000 --> 00:08:05.000 Planktonic sign of bacteria can form scums which are accumulations on the surface of the water. 64 00:08:05.000 --> 00:08:21.000 Typically during a period of calm weather or floating sign of bacteria, may also be concentrated by wind on the downwind shoreline which you see in these 2 photographs 65 00:08:21.000 --> 00:08:26.000 And finally, these aren't for planktonic sign a bacteria in the photo. 66 00:08:26.000 --> 00:08:38.000 But there are benthic sign of bacteria that can grow as mats on sediments, or on surfaces on the bottom of a water body, and these can flow to the surface as nuisance accumulations as you see in this photo so itrc has beenthic 67 00:08:38.000 --> 00:08:42.000 Hcb. Guidance, which is linked from the planktonic Hcb. 68 00:08:42.000 --> 00:08:49.000 Guidance document, so check that out 69 00:08:49.000 --> 00:08:50.000 So those were the different. Types of Hcb. Accumulations. 70 00:08:50.000 --> 00:08:57.000 So what are the factors that promote sin, a bacterial growth to Hcb. 71 00:08:57.000 --> 00:09:04.000 The specific environmental conditions that promote Hcbs can vary by water body and assign a bacterial community growing in it. 72 00:09:04.000 --> 00:09:13.000 But in general sign a bacteria grow and accumulate into Hcbs with favorable environmental conditions that include an increase in nutrients. 73 00:09:13.000 --> 00:09:17.000 So both phosphorus and nitrogen are needed to fertilize Hcb. 74 00:09:17.000 --> 00:09:34.000 Growth to high concentrations of cells increases in water temperature plays a role as sin, a bacteria tend to be adapted to grow better at warmer water temperatures than other kinds of algae and finally, hydrological stability, whether that stratification, in a lake 75 00:09:34.000 --> 00:09:47.000 Slow flow and river systems or reduced turbulence provides conditions at allows planktonic cycle, bacteria to concentrate near the water surface as blooms are scum 76 00:09:47.000 --> 00:10:03.000 We do need to keep in mind that climate change can enhance the environmental factors that promote Hcb growth, warmer temperatures and longer growing seasons, creates optimal growing conditions and promotes the persistence of hcbs from one year to the next periods of drought 77 00:10:03.000 --> 00:10:12.000 enhances, hydrological stability, via stratification, or by slowing river flow, and finally, a very important factor is that we're seeing intensifying rain events in most of the United States and heavy rain events can bring nutrients into aquatic systems. 78 00:10:12.000 --> 00:10:22.000 Via runoff 79 00:10:22.000 --> 00:10:23.000 So what is it that actually makes sin a bacterial blooms harmful? 80 00:10:23.000 --> 00:10:33.000 We consider Hcbs to be harmful, because some can produce sinotoxins and other irritants that can cause serious health effects. 81 00:10:33.000 --> 00:10:49.000 In people and animals. These compounds include hepatitoxins that affect the liver neurotoxins that affect the nervous system and dermatoxins that affect scan and mucus membranes sign a bacteria can also make other types of compounds that could cause general 82 00:10:49.000 --> 00:10:53.000 Irritation and allergic type reactions. Each Cbs. 83 00:10:53.000 --> 00:11:00.000 Can also have adverse environmental effects when large blooms decompose, that can cause low, dissolved oxygen. 84 00:11:00.000 --> 00:11:08.000 Hcbs can also increase, shading that impacts aquatic plant growth 85 00:11:08.000 --> 00:11:13.000 So I'm going to talk a bit now about sinatox and production and release toxin production. 86 00:11:13.000 --> 00:11:24.000 Can really vary over time and space. It's important to remember that not all sign of bacteria can produce toxins, and those that can don't make them all the time 87 00:11:24.000 --> 00:11:34.000 So something we do need to take into account when it comes to monitoring. Sign. A bacteria is that multiple toxin types can be produced by a single species 88 00:11:34.000 --> 00:11:43.000 And in general toxin, our toxins are held within intact sign of bacterial cells, so toxins are considered to be intracellular. 89 00:11:43.000 --> 00:11:54.000 There is an exception for the toxin called cylinders vermopsin, which can be released into the surrounding water from actively growing cells. 90 00:11:54.000 --> 00:11:56.000 And then for the other intracellular toxins. 91 00:11:56.000 --> 00:12:12.000 Those are not released to the water or become extracellular until the cell lice. It dies and lices, and the cell wall is broken open, so this can happen gradually such as when a bloom naturally decays or it can happen suddenly such as when a chemical treatment is applied to an 92 00:12:12.000 --> 00:12:19.000 Hcb. Or if cells are ingested 93 00:12:19.000 --> 00:12:25.000 So how are humans and animals exposed to sin of bacterial blooms and sinatoxins? 94 00:12:25.000 --> 00:12:28.000 Potential exposure can occur near or in a water body containing an Hcb. 95 00:12:28.000 --> 00:12:29.000 This can happen if you accidentally swallow affected water that contains sin. 96 00:12:29.000 --> 00:12:39.000 Obacteria, and their toxins. You can also be exposed if you breathe in aerosols from water, spray, or mist, such as by water skiing over a lake containing an Hcb. 97 00:12:39.000 --> 00:12:54.000 Or through direct water contact with skin. Another exposure route is by ingesting a ingestion of contaminated drinking water of food 98 00:12:54.000 --> 00:13:03.000 And animals can be especially at risk from Hcbs and their toxins, because they tend to have a higher exposure while drinking and swimming in effective waters. 99 00:13:03.000 --> 00:13:07.000 Animals don't avoid contact with water, that people would normally not want to touch. 100 00:13:07.000 --> 00:13:16.000 Animals can be exposed from ingesting the sign of bacteria that they groom from their fur feathers, or by intentionally eating scum or mat material. 101 00:13:16.000 --> 00:13:31.000 That's washed up on shore. Children can also have a higher risk because of their smaller body weight, so it doesn't take ingesting as much cyanotoxin to make them ill as for an adult children also tend to spend more time in the water and have more hand-mouth behavior that 102 00:13:31.000 --> 00:13:36.000 Can increase their exposure 103 00:13:36.000 --> 00:13:43.000 So given the risks, what regulations and guidance do we have for Hcbs and Cyanotoxins? 104 00:13:43.000 --> 00:13:44.000 Currently we do not have Federal standards for sinobacteria or cyanotoxins. 105 00:13:44.000 --> 00:13:58.000 However, we do have guidance from the Us. EPA for the Toxins, microsystem and cylinder, spermatson in both recordational and drinking water recently in march the twentieth 21 the world health organization released recreational guidance. 106 00:13:58.000 --> 00:14:19.000 For 4 toxins, Microsoft, Lr. Anatoxin, a cylinder spermopsen, and saxotoxin, additionally, many still have developed their own regulatory or guidance, values, for hcbs and cyanotoxins, however, these tend to be focused on 107 00:14:19.000 --> 00:14:23.000 Planktonic htbs, guidelines for Benthic sinner. 108 00:14:23.000 --> 00:14:32.000 Bacteria are lacking. So please see the Itrc bent the Http guidance for more background on this 109 00:14:32.000 --> 00:14:47.000 And please stay tuned for the next modules in this training we'll cover guidance and selection tools to help you develop a management plan for Hcb's next we're going to cover monitoring for Sinobacteria and Sinotoxins other modules 110 00:14:47.000 --> 00:14:56.000 Address, communication and response plans in lake management and control methods and nutrient reduction as a strategy to reduce Http. 111 00:14:56.000 --> 00:15:06.000 Occurrence. And now we're gonna hear from Ben Holcomb, who will be covering monitoring 112 00:15:06.000 --> 00:15:10.000 Alright. Thanks for the introduction. Gina 113 00:15:10.000 --> 00:15:11.000 In this section of our Hcb. Training. We'll talk about how to monitor. 114 00:15:11.000 --> 00:15:22.000 I'll talk about analytical methods used to evaluate sinobacteria and cyanotoxins and about field collection methods. 115 00:15:22.000 --> 00:15:38.000 Basically how you'll fill that bottle that'll be delivered to the lab I'll demonstrate the use of interactive selection tool that the teams developed to help you explore which analytical methods may be useful for your water body and your goals finally i'll talk 116 00:15:38.000 --> 00:15:42.000 About the elements of the Sinobacteria monitoring program. 117 00:15:42.000 --> 00:15:51.000 When I figure the section of today's training, you should have a basic understanding how to design and conduct a monitoring program to meet your needs 118 00:15:51.000 --> 00:16:07.000 So let's start with how we monitor for Cyanobacteria, monitoring provides the data you need to describe the conditions for Hcbs: that means counts and measures of sound of bacteria and cyanotoxins they will help you describe what kind of 119 00:16:07.000 --> 00:16:10.000 Sinotoxin or Sino bacteria is present. 120 00:16:10.000 --> 00:16:14.000 How much is there when and where it's found? You may also choose to include water quality parameters that describe conditions that support Hcb. 121 00:16:14.000 --> 00:16:23.000 Growth, or how Hcbs. Are affected by management strategies. 122 00:16:23.000 --> 00:16:26.000 You've started in the lake or in the watershed. 123 00:16:26.000 --> 00:16:31.000 I'll talk a little bit more about those later in the training 124 00:16:31.000 --> 00:16:32.000 Most important objective, when monitoring for Hcbs is to support your Hcb. 125 00:16:32.000 --> 00:16:57.000 Response plan, a response plan tells you what to do when a bloom is reported and outlines what level signo bacteria or signatox, and will require you to act such as closing a beach or posting signs along a recreational path you'll learn about response plans and the 126 00:16:57.000 --> 00:17:06.000 Next segment of our training today, and you can read more about it and section 5 of our guidance document 127 00:17:06.000 --> 00:17:10.000 As I mentioned earlier, Hcb. Monitoring can support your Hcb. 128 00:17:10.000 --> 00:17:24.000 Management activities, actions to control cyanobacteria can be focused in the lake itself, such as the application of phosphorus binding chemicals as you see in the photo here or be undertaken in the watershed to reduce the sources of 129 00:17:24.000 --> 00:17:29.000 Nutrients that encourage the growth of sine of bacteria 130 00:17:29.000 --> 00:17:33.000 If he did, to include monitoring for management success in your Hcb. 131 00:17:33.000 --> 00:17:42.000 Program, you'll want to begin monitoring before those actions start, so you can characterize the Sino bacteria community before the conditions. 132 00:17:42.000 --> 00:17:43.000 Change after management begins. Then you can continue to monitor using the same method. 133 00:17:43.000 --> 00:18:01.000 So you can track how the sign of community responds to your management. More in this monitoring approach will be discussed in the management and control section later in today's training 134 00:18:01.000 --> 00:18:13.000 So monitoring is all about your needs. It will identify the methods you'll use in the field specifically to making sure you get the data you need for the action or alert levels. 135 00:18:13.000 --> 00:18:23.000 Called out in your response plan, because you know how often you'll sample the cost of the analyses and the number of people you'll need to do the work. 136 00:18:23.000 --> 00:18:35.000 You can set a budget for the program. This is important to keep you from spending all your funding in June, when you know blooms will still occur in August, September, etc. 137 00:18:35.000 --> 00:18:46.000 A plan also helps create, maintain consistency across time when a bloom occurs, things get hectic quickly and you don't have time to think about these things. 138 00:18:46.000 --> 00:18:51.000 So lots of people are calling you. They're asking for information. 139 00:18:51.000 --> 00:18:56.000 They have, you know, concerns about health, etc. 140 00:18:56.000 --> 00:19:01.000 So, having a plan means you don't have to think about what's appropriate to collect or where to go. 141 00:19:01.000 --> 00:19:04.000 You've already have those decisions in writing. So having a plan also means you collect the same data in the same way. 142 00:19:04.000 --> 00:19:18.000 Each season, and you can better compare current data to pass experiences or track trends over time 143 00:19:18.000 --> 00:19:23.000 Alright. So the terms monitoring and sampling are often used interchangeably. 144 00:19:23.000 --> 00:19:26.000 However, they do have different meetings in our guidance. 145 00:19:26.000 --> 00:19:32.000 Sampling refers to the collection of a single point of data in response to a bloom. 146 00:19:32.000 --> 00:19:37.000 As you see the person in the photo filling a bottle from a visible scum 147 00:19:37.000 --> 00:19:56.000 Monitoring is the collection of routine data to detect impending blooms or track changes over time monitoring represents a series of samples, including some that may be collected in response to bloom situation, but monitoring is mainly visiting the same locations, at set intervals, regardless of 148 00:19:56.000 --> 00:20:01.000 Whether a bloom is present 149 00:20:01.000 --> 00:20:07.000 Alright. Let's turn now to the actual meetings used to Major Sino bacteria. 150 00:20:07.000 --> 00:20:16.000 Our guidance document discusses 6 methods. These are commonly used to decide whether Sino bacteria present, and how much might be there. 151 00:20:16.000 --> 00:20:33.000 You can see the methods here on the slide, the range from simple methods that require minimal training and not many tools to those that are far more complex that requires specific training and often very complex equipment 152 00:20:33.000 --> 00:20:42.000 Each method is evaluated, using the same set of criteria, you can see the criteria on the screen here I'm not gonna read those all off. 153 00:20:42.000 --> 00:20:45.000 But we discussed, for example, the kind of a result. 154 00:20:45.000 --> 00:20:56.000 The method provides, say, sales per mill, or micrograms per liter of chlorophylla, and the document there's a summary of these criteria for each method. 155 00:20:56.000 --> 00:21:01.000 So you can easily compare one method to another 156 00:21:01.000 --> 00:21:05.000 So it's also important that you understand the criteria we use. 157 00:21:05.000 --> 00:21:15.000 We've provided the definition in in our guidance, and you should take a look at how we interpret it and compare it to how you might interpret it. 158 00:21:15.000 --> 00:21:32.000 So consider turnaround time. For example, we define turnaround time as the time needed to prepare the sample run the analyses and get the raw data if you're sending a team into the field to collect a sample that time, is not including our definition to fully estimate how much 159 00:21:32.000 --> 00:21:33.000 Time it'll take before you have to have data to share. 160 00:21:33.000 --> 00:21:42.000 You need to add the field time to the turnaround time if your sample location is located far from your lab. 161 00:21:42.000 --> 00:21:49.000 There are few methods that will get data to in less than a day 162 00:21:49.000 --> 00:21:53.000 There's one important thing to remember about sinobacteria methods. 163 00:21:53.000 --> 00:21:57.000 They don't provide any information about signobacterial toxins. 164 00:21:57.000 --> 00:22:03.000 It's not possible to use any of these methods to tell what kind of sinatoxins are present. 165 00:22:03.000 --> 00:22:10.000 You must use a method designed specifically to test for Sinatops and 166 00:22:10.000 --> 00:22:26.000 So let's take a look at those methods to test for the sinatoxins our guidance cover 6 methods commonly used for evaluating signat toxins like the cyanobacteria methods they range from those that are simple and require minimal tools to those that 167 00:22:26.000 --> 00:22:32.000 Require specialized training and equipment similar to to the sign of bacteria methods. 168 00:22:32.000 --> 00:22:44.000 We use a single set of criteria to evaluate each method and summarize them in a table associated with each method, so you can easily compare them 169 00:22:44.000 --> 00:22:48.000 There are some key things to remember about Simon talks and analytical methods. 170 00:22:48.000 --> 00:23:07.000 No single method can provide information about all possible toxins. So you're gonna want to consider which toxin you wanna analyze, for whether that method is slightly different than another sin of toxin method. And plan. Accordingly. 171 00:23:07.000 --> 00:23:12.000 Also guidance values may not be available for all cyotoxins guidance values help. 172 00:23:12.000 --> 00:23:16.000 You understand the meaning of your talks and result 173 00:23:16.000 --> 00:23:20.000 Let's say 4 and a half micrograms per liter microsystem is just the number without the guidance. 174 00:23:20.000 --> 00:23:33.000 Ton you how to interpret and use it. There are Federal guidance values for several cyanotoxins, as Gina mentioned, and some States also developed their own. 175 00:23:33.000 --> 00:23:41.000 As you build your monitoring plan. It's important to know what guidance value are applicable to your water body 176 00:23:41.000 --> 00:23:46.000 Another thing to remember is that there might be interference from compounds, environmental or otherwise. 177 00:23:46.000 --> 00:24:01.000 When airline your samples. It's important to understand your method and the possible interferences, so you can use the proper bottles, preservation, or otherwise minimize their effect on your analyses. 178 00:24:01.000 --> 00:24:05.000 Your samples may require specific preparation or extraction. 179 00:24:05.000 --> 00:24:08.000 There's especially important for a plant and animal tissue samples. 180 00:24:08.000 --> 00:24:17.000 They required different prep. From then your routine water samples. 181 00:24:17.000 --> 00:24:21.000 So these preparation methods are continually changing and improving. 182 00:24:21.000 --> 00:24:26.000 So it's important to review available methods and use the best sample preparation for your goals. 183 00:24:26.000 --> 00:24:32.000 So you're going to want to review these on a normal basis. 184 00:24:32.000 --> 00:24:49.000 Finally, it's important to remember that sinatoxin results tell you only about conditions at the time you fill your bottle they can't tell you about what happened 2 days ago, or predict what will happen 2 days or 2 h in the future they're just a snapshot and you need to use 185 00:24:49.000 --> 00:24:57.000 that context when you're describing the results 186 00:24:57.000 --> 00:25:15.000 So now, let's talk about sample collection methods how you'll fill the bottle that we that will be analyzed in the lab we create a flow chart to help you decide which field methods to use so this is a part of it here the full flow chart is in our 187 00:25:15.000 --> 00:25:32.000 guidance document and the web portal. So you select the water body type, such as still water or flowing water, possible locations to sample, and then, you can see which methods may be appropriate 188 00:25:32.000 --> 00:25:33.000 The location of the Hcb. Is important in deciding which field sampling approach. 189 00:25:33.000 --> 00:25:45.000 You use. So we've developed the graphic to remind you of possible locations for Hcbs. 190 00:25:45.000 --> 00:25:56.000 You'll find in in our guidance document if you're looking for floating ages, you'll want to use the planktonic method. 191 00:25:56.000 --> 00:26:10.000 If the Hcb. Is located on the bottom attached plants, or washed up on the shoreline, you'll want to use the benthic approaches if you're interested in side of toxins that may be in the water we call those extracellular 192 00:26:10.000 --> 00:26:15.000 You'll use another set of methods. The Hcb. 193 00:26:15.000 --> 00:26:21.000 One guidance document is focused primarily on planktonic or the floating Hcbs. 194 00:26:21.000 --> 00:26:28.000 But we've added a new document, Hcb. 2, with information about ethnic Hcbs. 195 00:26:28.000 --> 00:26:43.000 Training focused on Hcb. 2 occurred a few months ago, and that training is is available on EPA's clue and website 196 00:26:43.000 --> 00:26:49.000 Alright. So let's discuss how to build a monitoring plan for your water body. 197 00:26:49.000 --> 00:26:51.000 Monitoring plan is the story of what you're gonna do tells everyone why, you're sampling. 198 00:26:51.000 --> 00:27:01.000 When, where and how you'll sample as well as who's gonna do it? 199 00:27:01.000 --> 00:27:08.000 A monitoring plan for Largeville reservoir here that I've got up on the slide. 200 00:27:08.000 --> 00:27:27.000 It's we want to consider a a monitoring plan here that meet the needs of all the stakeholders, and we've got some clues here about what what those stakeholders are Federal State county facilities. 201 00:27:27.000 --> 00:27:40.000 There's a couple of drinking water facilities as well as recreational uses, like voters swimming and fishing for the public 202 00:27:40.000 --> 00:27:59.000 So as you consider developing a monitoring plan for a location like Largeville Reservoir, you'll want to consider the sustainability of that action in the long term your budget needs to include sufficient resources to cover staff and analytical costs the training that they may 203 00:27:59.000 --> 00:28:04.000 Need any quality control requirements. As I mentioned before, for a large water body. 204 00:28:04.000 --> 00:28:12.000 The subject to frequent blooms, monitoring costs can be high, particularly if you try to do everything. 205 00:28:12.000 --> 00:28:25.000 So it's important to find that sustainable balance between getting all the information you want and the basic information that you really need 206 00:28:25.000 --> 00:28:26.000 Partnerships with stakeholders around the water body can help with with those costs. 207 00:28:26.000 --> 00:28:34.000 If you consider Largeville reservoirs an example. 208 00:28:34.000 --> 00:28:44.000 There are several stakeholders who could assist with that monitoring like a beach, or the boat launch manager can report on daily cyanobacteria. 209 00:28:44.000 --> 00:28:54.000 Conditions, the drinking water facilities might be able to cover some of the costs for the toxin analyses, and just keep your options open 210 00:28:54.000 --> 00:28:58.000 Don't forget to consider whether there are additional environmental conditions. 211 00:28:58.000 --> 00:29:08.000 You'd like to track alongside your cyanobacteria monitoring, adding something as basic as water clarity measurements as shown here. 212 00:29:08.000 --> 00:29:17.000 On the slide to your monitoring ads adds only a little bit of time, and the cost of aseki disk. 213 00:29:17.000 --> 00:29:28.000 It's a simple measure that may allow you to evaluate both sino bacteria, presence, and their effectiveness of your Bmp 214 00:29:28.000 --> 00:29:37.000 Alright. Now let's demonstrate the use of our monitoring tool to evaluate which analytical methods might be appropriate for your link. 215 00:29:37.000 --> 00:29:45.000 So let's stay on this kind of example of Largeville reservoir, as how we might build our monitoring program. 216 00:29:45.000 --> 00:29:57.000 So there have been no previous bloom reports on this water body, and there's no monitoring program and place currently however, a dog illness has been reported from the county boat ramp. 217 00:29:57.000 --> 00:30:04.000 The State investigated the area and confirmed the presence of both side of bacteria and Signatoxins. 218 00:30:04.000 --> 00:30:11.000 They recommend that I'm a monitoring program be developed for the reservoir 219 00:30:11.000 --> 00:30:15.000 Alright. So, since this the first bloom reported from Largeville reservoir, they don't have a response plan to follow. 220 00:30:15.000 --> 00:30:36.000 However, there's some basic information that they would like in their monitoring program to provide they'd like to be able to learn quickly about slano bacteria conditions so that they can communicate rapidly with public they'd like to monitor in such a way to get heads up when conditions may 221 00:30:36.000 --> 00:30:38.000 Indicate a bloom is forming, and finally they want to make sure that they're monitoring provides information for the drinking water facilities. 222 00:30:38.000 --> 00:30:52.000 The recreational activities on the reservoir, and to keep PET safe 223 00:30:52.000 --> 00:31:06.000 Alright. So this slide is a screenshot of our monitoring tool as it appears on our on our web page includes all the criteria that we use to evaluate each of these methods so 3 of these criteria. 224 00:31:06.000 --> 00:31:14.000 I to whittle down the list of 12 methods to those that are more interests. 225 00:31:14.000 --> 00:31:29.000 So, for example, if we want to find those are the fastest we would uncheck the box indicating a lab is required, and we'd also uncheck the box for a turnaround time of one to 3 days so this will get us the quickest methods for sino 226 00:31:29.000 --> 00:31:32.000 Bacteria and cyanotoxins 227 00:31:32.000 --> 00:31:38.000 So when we make that selection, this list of sinobacteria methods appears. 228 00:31:38.000 --> 00:31:44.000 Note that I I couldn't include the sound talks and methods on the slide just because of the space. 229 00:31:44.000 --> 00:31:50.000 But the list of the methods that are on the left side of the table. 230 00:31:50.000 --> 00:31:59.000 These are all hyperlinked directly to the guidance document, so you can easily read about them, and the first 6 columns are color coded. 231 00:31:59.000 --> 00:32:06.000 The green indicates that the method is appropriate for the criteria red indicates that it that it isn't. 232 00:32:06.000 --> 00:32:12.000 Let's look at the first 3 criteria under the Signobacteria. 233 00:32:12.000 --> 00:32:21.000 The first one the P. Just simply refers to the ability of the method to tell you whether cyanobacteria or present, or absolutely so all 4 of these methods have green circles. 234 00:32:21.000 --> 00:32:44.000 Meaning they can be used tunnel, if son of bacteria present the next criteria id refers to the ability of the method to identify the sign of bacteria to the genus level say whether it's microsystems or dollar delicacies firm all the 235 00:32:44.000 --> 00:32:59.000 Circles. Here are red, which indicates that these methods can't do that, and the third criteria den refer to the ability of the method to evaluate the density of the son of bacteria and you can see that to the methods can be used for this while the 236 00:32:59.000 --> 00:33:13.000 Other 2 can, and all through the sinotoxin criteria have red circles reinforcing what I said earlier. That sign of bacteria methods can't tell you whether silo talks are present 237 00:33:13.000 --> 00:33:18.000 So you can also use the monitoring tool to quickly compare all the methods to one another. 238 00:33:18.000 --> 00:33:35.000 So, for example, if you're looking for methods that are lower in cost you'd read about those methods indicated by you know, a single or double dollar sign for those that can be done by just about anyone you'd look at those identified as having a level of training, at novice 239 00:33:35.000 --> 00:33:40.000 Or intermediate level, as you see there on the column on the right again. 240 00:33:40.000 --> 00:33:51.000 All the methods are hyperlinked directly to the text for that method and documents, so you can quickly and easily compare them to one another. 241 00:33:51.000 --> 00:34:04.000 Alright. So let's wrap up the discussion on monitoring by reviewing the key things I'd like to you to remember when you're building a monitoring platform, so first be sure to identify your goals. 242 00:34:04.000 --> 00:34:22.000 And choose those analytical methods that get you the data you need if your guidance says, beaches will be closed when cell counts exceed 100,000 cells per mill, using a visual assessment won't get you the information you need to close the beach, use our monitoring 243 00:34:22.000 --> 00:34:27.000 Selection tool to evaluate methods and find those that can meet your needs 244 00:34:27.000 --> 00:34:37.000 Build your monitoring plan to tell the full story. The who, what, when, where, and why, and make a plan to meet your needs. 245 00:34:37.000 --> 00:34:41.000 Your needs are outlined in your Hcb. Response plan, and may also be incorporated into the Hcb. 246 00:34:41.000 --> 00:34:42.000 Management, plan, finally, consider how to make your plans sustainable in the long run, so you can compare current and past conditions alright. 247 00:34:42.000 --> 00:34:55.000 Alright, Gina, take it away 248 00:34:55.000 --> 00:34:56.000 So now I'll turn it over to Devin, so we can get to our first questions 249 00:34:56.000 --> 00:34:57.000 Alright. Thank you, Ben. So with that we're gonna jump right into our first question and answer period. 250 00:34:57.000 --> 00:34:58.000 If you guys have anything you would like the trainers to address, please feel free to put that in the queue a pod. 251 00:34:58.000 --> 00:34:59.000 I will pause here for a moment and give you guys a minute to enter any questions we don't have any. 252 00:34:59.000 --> 00:35:00.000 We can move, right next to a move on to our next module. 253 00:35:00.000 --> 00:35:01.000 We do have another Q. A. Portion at the end of the training 254 00:35:01.000 --> 00:35:02.000 Alright, getting a few questions in here, so I will just start reading them off for our trainers. 255 00:35:02.000 --> 00:35:32.000 Do you know of any monitoring methods to detect viruses that can attack cyanobacteria? 256 00:36:09.000 --> 00:36:23.000 This is Gina. I can answer that. We didn't really address monitoring for some of these these other aspects related to to blooms, including viruses. 257 00:36:23.000 --> 00:36:35.000 I believe there is some act. It's an active area of research in Lake Erie, because viruses were implicated in the Toledo Water crisis in 2,000. 258 00:36:35.000 --> 00:36:56.000 And 14 there was a large bloom, and vices were licensing the cells which released microsystem toxin making it very difficult for the water utility to efficiently remove microsoft from the the source water in the in the the course of producing finished drinking water so if 259 00:36:56.000 --> 00:37:00.000 You delve into the scientific literature from Lake Erie. 260 00:37:00.000 --> 00:37:01.000 There may be some information there about how they monitor for viruses. 261 00:37:01.000 --> 00:37:02.000 This can result in bloom, death causing toxins to spike 262 00:37:02.000 --> 00:37:03.000 Alright. Thank you, Gina, so it looks like those are. 263 00:37:03.000 --> 00:37:04.000 That's the only question we have right now, so I will just to conserve time and be efficient. 264 00:37:04.000 --> 00:37:05.000 We will move to the next portion of our training, and then, if like, I said before, we do have another Q. 265 00:37:05.000 --> 00:37:06.000 A portion at the end, so please put any questions you have between now and then in the Q. 266 00:37:06.000 --> 00:37:36.000 A pod, and we will make sure they get answered. So with that I will hand it off to Christine 267 00:37:49.000 --> 00:37:57.000 Oh, got ahead of myself. Thanks so much Devin 268 00:37:57.000 --> 00:38:09.000 So in this module we're going to talk about how you can use risk communication and risk communication planning to improve your response to harmful sin of bacterial blooms. 269 00:38:09.000 --> 00:38:28.000 We'll cover the basics of risk communication. Your response during a bloom and long term, planning to prepare for blooms in the future. 270 00:38:28.000 --> 00:38:34.000 So you may be wondering what risk communication is and how it's different from other forms of communication. 271 00:38:34.000 --> 00:38:44.000 Risk communication offers a science-based approach for communicating effectively in situations that are high stress, unfamiliar or controversial. 272 00:38:44.000 --> 00:39:06.000 It provides people with the information they want or need to make informed decisions about threats to their health and safety, and, like all effective forms of communication, it customizes messages to meet the needs of different audiences 273 00:39:06.000 --> 00:39:18.000 Effective risk communication helps you build a good relationship with your audience relationship that is based on shared goals, values and problems, solving the following risk communication best practices. 274 00:39:18.000 --> 00:39:22.000 Can help you cultivate that relationship during a bloom of it. 275 00:39:22.000 --> 00:39:27.000 Start by learning what your audience knows about the risk, and listening to their concerns. 276 00:39:27.000 --> 00:39:45.000 Convey information in a way that your audience can understand, combine understanding and empathy into your explanations of risk and build trust, and credibility through accurate information and frequent updates 277 00:39:45.000 --> 00:39:54.000 Consistent, concise messaging is critical to effective risk communication message mapping helps you create brief yet comprehensive messages. 278 00:39:54.000 --> 00:39:56.000 The message mapping process helps you identify 3 short key messages that answer questions about who? 279 00:39:56.000 --> 00:40:11.000 What when, why, where, and how, remember when people are under stress, they have difficulty, understanding, and retaining information. 280 00:40:11.000 --> 00:40:25.000 So take that into account when developing your messages, your key messages should include information about health risks, health addressories, and water-related activities that might may threaten human or animal health. 281 00:40:25.000 --> 00:40:36.000 Once you've developed your key messages, coordinate and collaborate with other credible sources to help reinforce these messages and finally meet the needs of the media. 282 00:40:36.000 --> 00:40:45.000 They can help you get your messages out, but only if you organize your information and provide it to them in a timely manner. 283 00:40:45.000 --> 00:40:49.000 Preparation is the key to successful risk communication. That's why it's important to have a plan in place before you. 284 00:40:49.000 --> 00:40:58.000 Need it a plan helps you identify issues as well as your potential audiences and their needs. 285 00:40:58.000 --> 00:41:04.000 Create clear and concise messaging, and anticipate problems, so you can address them beforehand. 286 00:41:04.000 --> 00:41:17.000 It's also important to evaluate your communication efforts after the fact and see what worked and didn't work, and to make adjustments to your plan if you're interested in more information about how to develop a risk. 287 00:41:17.000 --> 00:41:29.000 Communication plan. Consult the Itrc. Risk communication toolkit on the Itrc website. 288 00:41:29.000 --> 00:41:44.000 Harmful, cyanobacterial blooms require 2 types of planning and immediate communication and monitoring response plan to be used during the blue, and a long-term responsibility that's built and updated during the offices this training and the accompanying htb 289 00:41:44.000 --> 00:41:51.000 Guidance document will help you prepare these 2 types of plans 290 00:41:51.000 --> 00:41:55.000 It's critical to establish a wait a second. I jump. 291 00:41:55.000 --> 00:42:06.000 Sorry about that immediate Hcb. Response. Planning consists of 5 key elements reporting notification and coordination, blue Confirmation, drinking water source. 292 00:42:06.000 --> 00:42:27.000 I. Identification and response issuance of health advisories and reporting on Hcb-related elite. Let's take a few minutes to walk through each of these key elements 293 00:42:27.000 --> 00:42:31.000 It's critical to establish effective recording and notification methods. 294 00:42:31.000 --> 00:42:48.000 So you can respond quickly and efficiently when a bloom occurs you want to develop a reporting mechanism that can be used by partner agencies, stakeholders, and members of the public and make sure that all bloom reports go to a centralized location you'll also want to set up 295 00:42:48.000 --> 00:43:02.000 a process for alerting other organizations, such as the Health Department, State parks or lakes, managers to let them know that you've received a report of a bloom once you've notified your partners coordinate a bloom response that may include sampling or sig 296 00:43:02.000 --> 00:43:08.000 visits. Finally, you'll want to notify the public when you confirm the presence of an Hcb. 297 00:43:08.000 --> 00:43:23.000 Tell the public what you know, and that your data are preliminary outline. The steps you will be taking to ascertain the severity of the bloom, and let them, know when you will provide them with an update 298 00:43:23.000 --> 00:43:30.000 After you receive a bloom report you can use visual observations to help you determine if the suspected blue is an Hcp. 299 00:43:30.000 --> 00:43:36.000 You can also use remote, sensing to provide you with additional info on gloom, size, or characteristics. 300 00:43:36.000 --> 00:43:38.000 Before visiting the site, best. If you identify your field, sampling objectives before you go. 301 00:43:38.000 --> 00:44:00.000 So you have the necessary sampling equipment. Once there, you can decide where in the water body the sample to give you the clearest picture of water conditions before you collect samples as ben was mentioning consider the type of lab analysis you have in place in the sampling data required to issue a health 302 00:44:00.000 --> 00:44:08.000 Advisory as Ange, as Ben mentioned in the previous training segment the monitoring section of the Hcb. 303 00:44:08.000 --> 00:44:18.000 Guidance document and the interactive monitoring tool can help you decide which sampling methods make sense for you 304 00:44:18.000 --> 00:44:19.000 Communication and outreach are critical to an effective bloom. 305 00:44:19.000 --> 00:44:29.000 Response, you'll want to let the public in the media know what you know and don't know about the bloom and where they can go for additional information and updates during an Hcb. 306 00:44:29.000 --> 00:44:48.000 Event. These information sources may include a dedicated website that offers regular updates on bloom conditions call in lines with pre-recorded messages in social media channels, if possible, include information on how to report a potential hcb-related illness to your local poison control center 307 00:44:48.000 --> 00:44:54.000 Or health agency. 308 00:44:54.000 --> 00:45:01.000 Hcbs can impact drinking water sources. So you'll want to make sure you coordinate with the effect of public water system. 309 00:45:01.000 --> 00:45:10.000 If a bloom can or does affect its drinking water source under the best case scenario, the system already has a Cyano toxin management plan in place, but if not the Hcb Guidance document on the itrc. 310 00:45:10.000 --> 00:45:33.000 Website contains resources to help water systems. Prepare one. If the public water system doesn't have a plan, you can assist them by providing sampling data or collecting samples near plant intakes and outflows the treatment plant may want to use alternative water sources until the bloom subsides. 311 00:45:33.000 --> 00:45:48.000 Public notification. Notification is crucial. If a drinking water source is affected, particularly if the system is not equipped to remove silotoxins, a drinking water hcb fact sheet can help members of the public understand the situation. 312 00:45:48.000 --> 00:45:54.000 And take appropriate actions to protect their health. 313 00:45:54.000 --> 00:46:00.000 Consistent signage helps the public, understand the health risks in an area with an Hcb. 314 00:46:00.000 --> 00:46:02.000 People want to know what kind of recreational activities are permitted or prohibited, and how they can protect themselves. 315 00:46:02.000 --> 00:46:14.000 Their family and their pets from exposure, color, coding, and icons can help you deliver your message quickly and succinctly. 316 00:46:14.000 --> 00:46:21.000 Plain language, instructions, increase public understanding and compliance with health, recommendations. 317 00:46:21.000 --> 00:46:27.000 You may want to include more than one language on your signs to ensure your message reaches diverse populations. 318 00:46:27.000 --> 00:46:34.000 Experience has shown that many people are concerned about the health of their dogs, and may not be aware of the dangers posed by an Hcb. 319 00:46:34.000 --> 00:46:39.000 So include information that helps dog owners keep their pets safe. 320 00:46:39.000 --> 00:46:40.000 You may also want to consider installing permanent signs of water bodies. 321 00:46:40.000 --> 00:46:48.000 That experience frequent balloons. 322 00:46:48.000 --> 00:46:53.000 Health advisories, protect public health and safety in the event of an Hcb. 323 00:46:53.000 --> 00:46:57.000 It's best. If advisory thresholds are established before a bloom occurs. 324 00:46:57.000 --> 00:47:12.000 Many jurisdictions, develop health-based advisory thresholds for cell count concentrations in cyanotoxins, and identify the agency with the authority to issue health advisories you may want to create a flow chart with advisory thresholds 325 00:47:12.000 --> 00:47:18.000 Roles and responsibilities for issuing an advisory and requirements for lifting an advisory. 326 00:47:18.000 --> 00:47:37.000 Consider how you'll post advisories and remember the more places you post this information, the better signs at the Bloom location, a press, release dedicated website. With frequent updates and social media platforms are all good ways to get the word out 327 00:47:37.000 --> 00:47:54.000 It's important to provide members of the public with information about the health risks posed by exposure to agbs, and how they can protect themselves, their families and their pets centralized reporting and data collection are key to affected incident reporting so you'll want to identify an agency 328 00:47:54.000 --> 00:48:00.000 or organisation, the public and contact to report symptoms and the location of their exposure. 329 00:48:00.000 --> 00:48:06.000 Some States partner with their local poison control center or health agency to gather health data. 330 00:48:06.000 --> 00:48:07.000 When people report a human or animal illness related to an Hcb. 331 00:48:07.000 --> 00:48:18.000 Exposure be sure to notify the public, so others can avoid areas that pose the health risk 332 00:48:18.000 --> 00:48:25.000 So let's talk for a minute about how you could use risk communication to address an Hcb. 333 00:48:25.000 --> 00:48:29.000 In the in the scenario you saw that been provided. 334 00:48:29.000 --> 00:48:45.000 First a dog become seriously ill after playing in the water at Largeville reservoir, your agency suspects a harmful sign of bacteria bloom Largeville, and small group residents are unfamiliar with hcbs and are worried about their health and safety 335 00:48:45.000 --> 00:48:48.000 Fortunately your agency has dealt with Htvs. 336 00:48:48.000 --> 00:49:02.000 And other parts of the State. So you're prepared. Let's walk through the 5 steps of an immediate bloom response to see how your agency might handle the this particular issue 337 00:49:02.000 --> 00:49:12.000 Step, one reporting notification and coordination. Your agency receives a call from a vet on your 20 four-hour. 338 00:49:12.000 --> 00:49:28.000 Hcb. Report line after treating a dog for suspected Cyanotons and poisoning, that tells you that the dog was playing around the boat ramp at Largeville Reservoir before falling ill the duty officer on the port line notifies Agency Staff and partner agencies about 339 00:49:28.000 --> 00:49:29.000 The incident. State Park Staff Volunteer to sample the area near the boat ramp. 340 00:49:29.000 --> 00:49:38.000 That afternoon you notify the public about the possible Hcb. 341 00:49:38.000 --> 00:49:46.000 Using your social media channels and promise updates. As soon as you know more 342 00:49:46.000 --> 00:49:55.000 Step, 2 bloom, confirmation State Park staff, collect samples and deliver them to the lab before it closes for the day. 343 00:49:55.000 --> 00:50:12.000 Your agency has the samples analyzed for toxins since the dog fell ill so suddenly the lab reports there are high levels of cyanotoxins in the samples you immediately use all available media channels to let the public know what you know about the bloom. 344 00:50:12.000 --> 00:50:20.000 And how people can protect protect themselves and their pets. Until Morris known this information, helps people stay home. 345 00:50:20.000 --> 00:50:36.000 You direct residents and the media to your website. And social media accounts for info and updates on the situation and provide a toll-free number for the local poison control center further investment shows the bloom originated at smallburg lake your agency. 346 00:50:36.000 --> 00:50:41.000 Brief city officials, the State park and county officials on the situation. 347 00:50:41.000 --> 00:50:49.000 You also schedule a town hall for large bill and small bill residents to answer questions 348 00:50:49.000 --> 00:50:55.000 Step, 3 drinking water, response, drinking water staff at your agency. 349 00:50:55.000 --> 00:50:58.000 Contact with the large bill drinking water. Plant about the balloon. 350 00:50:58.000 --> 00:51:01.000 The utility doesn't have a samo toxin response plan. 351 00:51:01.000 --> 00:51:17.000 So your staff offered a collect samples of the plant intake and out the plant closes the water intake from Largeville reservoir, and uses an alternative source until Mars not about the extent of the bloom the drinking water plant issues a press release to let people know that 352 00:51:17.000 --> 00:51:25.000 Drinking water is safe along with the steps. It's taking to protect public health 353 00:51:25.000 --> 00:51:40.000 Step 4 health advisories, the Local Health Department confirms that cyanal topics levels exceed health, advisory thresholds and closes the area of the large field reservoir near the boat ramp the rest of the reservoir in smallburg lake are put under a health 354 00:51:40.000 --> 00:51:57.000 advisory the health department and your agency provide bilingual signs for the lake and reservoir, and issue a press release to notify residents about the advisory you also post a information to your social media accounts 355 00:51:57.000 --> 00:52:04.000 Step, 5 illness reporting several families recreating near the boat ramp experienced vomiting and diarrhea. 356 00:52:04.000 --> 00:52:10.000 A few days after the dog fell ill. They call the local poison control Center to report their symptoms. 357 00:52:10.000 --> 00:52:22.000 The center staff collects their information, tell them to call their their physician and put the information in the center's hcp. Database 358 00:52:22.000 --> 00:52:27.000 So you may remember we talked a little earlier about key messages and message mapping. 359 00:52:27.000 --> 00:52:33.000 Here's an example of 3 key messages you might use to inform the public and the media about the balloon. 360 00:52:33.000 --> 00:52:37.000 The messages are short, and to the point, and answer, Who? What? 361 00:52:37.000 --> 00:52:44.000 When, where, why, and how the wards, highlight in red Show, who is providing the information? 362 00:52:44.000 --> 00:52:49.000 What residents want and need to know, and how they can stay safe. 363 00:52:49.000 --> 00:53:04.000 Your agency, who identified what a harmful phantom bacterial bloom in Smallburg Lake, and Largeville reservoir, where the health department, who issued what health advisories for what toxins? What people can do? 364 00:53:04.000 --> 00:53:12.000 Do not swim in the water and obey posted notices 365 00:53:12.000 --> 00:53:16.000 Long-term bloom, planning general takes place during the off season. 366 00:53:16.000 --> 00:53:20.000 This is the time to review lessons learned from the previous Http. 367 00:53:20.000 --> 00:53:22.000 Since season to prepare for the next notice that many of the features of long-term planning were critical to the successful response in Hcb. 368 00:53:22.000 --> 00:53:48.000 Scenario we just discussed long-term response planning includes routine and response sampling and monitoring plans, drinking water, emergency response planning, communication and outreach collaboration with partners data management optimization, evaluation of reporting and communication of 369 00:53:48.000 --> 00:53:56.000 Http. Related illnesses and an evaluation of the current response plan 370 00:53:56.000 --> 00:54:02.000 So here's some key takeaways risk communication is an important component of an effective bloom. 371 00:54:02.000 --> 00:54:12.000 Response we discussed at the beginning of this module risk communication provides members of the public with the information they want to need to make informed decisions. 372 00:54:12.000 --> 00:54:17.000 About the risk from Hcbs planning is an integral part of the bloom response process. 373 00:54:17.000 --> 00:54:23.000 That's why it's important to develop and media and long-term plans to address Hcs. Before. 374 00:54:23.000 --> 00:54:47.000 During and after a bloom event and finally clear messaging and timely communication about Hcbs. Build the trust and credibility needed for your agency to protect public health during a bloom event and now I'll turn the time over to Liz Smith from the Kansas department. Of health and environment. Let's take it away 375 00:54:47.000 --> 00:54:53.000 Thank you. Christine. Participants. Welcome to section 6 of the guidance document. 376 00:54:53.000 --> 00:54:58.000 You've already learned about identification, response and communication, and then a little bit. 377 00:54:58.000 --> 00:55:01.000 You'll learn about watershed level approaches. 378 00:55:01.000 --> 00:55:09.000 But this section focuses on managing and controlling blooms in lakes and other water bodies 379 00:55:09.000 --> 00:55:18.000 Check my controls. 380 00:55:18.000 --> 00:55:22.000 Not sure that my! There we go! 381 00:55:22.000 --> 00:55:27.000 Excuse me. Okay. 382 00:55:27.000 --> 00:55:34.000 Oh, we have a bloom. Naturally we hope that, like managers and stakeholders, will explore this resource before they're confronted with a crisis. 383 00:55:34.000 --> 00:55:43.000 However, we recognize that people might arrive needing help. So this section of the document is designed with that in mind. 384 00:55:43.000 --> 00:55:52.000 Our goal is to provide an organized and cohesive framework, to learn about different strategies and evaluate their suitability for use in a given situation. 385 00:55:52.000 --> 00:56:02.000 The web portal allows users to browse online and download documents directly from Section 6 and the Associated Strategy Fact sheets and Appendix C. 386 00:56:02.000 --> 00:56:08.000 But also allows users to explore options interactively using an online strategy selection tool. 387 00:56:08.000 --> 00:56:11.000 Let's take a tour 388 00:56:11.000 --> 00:56:13.000 First let's look at the guidance document section 6 is fairly short, but it's important it provides an overview of considerations that apply. 389 00:56:13.000 --> 00:56:30.000 Broadly to all in light controll and treatment strategies, it includes a review of some factors that you'll want to account for before selecting an approach we'll talk about those in a bit. 390 00:56:30.000 --> 00:56:35.000 You'll also find a summary table that lists the 24 strategies that were researched in depth. 391 00:56:35.000 --> 00:56:43.000 You'll notice that the entries in the table are all hot links, those links in the table lead directly to Appendix C. 392 00:56:43.000 --> 00:57:01.000 Which contains over 70 pages of detailed content. There are downloadable fact sheets for each of the 24 strategies, and also a cost comparison table and a short summary of about half a dozen additional strategies that are not covered in depth individually the modular structure makes it easy 393 00:57:01.000 --> 00:57:09.000 For resource managers to focus only on strategies suitable for their situation. 394 00:57:09.000 --> 00:57:10.000 How did the team decide which strategies to include? In fact, sheets. 395 00:57:10.000 --> 00:57:20.000 First we focused on surface water. Excluding treatment methods designed primarily for drinking water or waste water utilities. 396 00:57:20.000 --> 00:57:28.000 Those engineered water systems have a different set of considerations, and are associated rob robust body of supporting research and literature. 397 00:57:28.000 --> 00:57:35.000 We also limit our research to freshwater and estuary water bodies rather rather than marine systems. 398 00:57:35.000 --> 00:57:42.000 Most importantly, though the strategies we included are those that have been evaluated in peer-reviewed mainstream scientific literature or government agency. 399 00:57:42.000 --> 00:58:01.000 White papers there are a number of methods both old and new, that at this time have primarily anecdotal support or support only from vendors, and not yet from independent evaluators those methods were not included a quick note although the fact sheets an online selection tool were originally focused 400 00:58:01.000 --> 00:58:10.000 On planktonic looms. Both have been updated to include vintage rooms from Hcb 2 401 00:58:10.000 --> 00:58:13.000 Let's look at a fact sheet. Each one is designed to stand alone, but they have a common structure to facilitate comparison. 402 00:58:13.000 --> 00:58:20.000 This one is for hypolynetic oxygenation and aeration. 403 00:58:20.000 --> 00:58:35.000 The header shows the type of strategy as well as the strength of support for its use in both Platonic and Ventic blooms a strategy is considered an intervention, if it's meant to be used on active limbs whereas a prevention is used to reduce the likelihood or 404 00:58:35.000 --> 00:58:37.000 intensity of future limbs supporting data is considered substantial. 405 00:58:37.000 --> 00:58:43.000 If evidence of its effectiveness is clear and robust. 406 00:58:43.000 --> 00:58:44.000 For a strategy that's not been studied as thoroughly, or that has had some mixed results. 407 00:58:44.000 --> 00:59:06.000 It might be limited meanwhile a relatively new method that has mostly laboratory rather than field support would be scored as emerging note that because there's been less research on strategies for benthic blooms some may be characterized as unknown or with no supporting data for so the fact sheet 408 00:59:06.000 --> 00:59:11.000 starts with a general technical description which may be illustrated with photos or diagrams. 409 00:59:11.000 --> 00:59:12.000 Then there's a checklist to summarize conditions where treatment has been demonstrated. 410 00:59:12.000 --> 00:59:19.000 Most effective, and the type of bloom for which is best suited later in the fact sheet. 411 00:59:19.000 --> 00:59:24.000 You'll see a summary of advantages of limitations which is followed by a brief cost. 412 00:59:24.000 --> 00:59:31.000 Analysis at least one case. Study and notes about regulatory and policy considerations. 413 00:59:31.000 --> 00:59:43.000 Finally, the literature references for each fact sheet are included to make further research easy for the user 414 00:59:43.000 --> 00:59:50.000 If there are one perfect affordable method to control every bloom, every lake manager would already be using it. 415 00:59:50.000 --> 00:59:59.000 Instead, we know that Hcb. Is like all other problems that are both complex and persistent, attract many attempts at treatment and solution. 416 00:59:59.000 --> 00:00:00.000 To use a medical analogy. The water body is not well. 417 00:00:00.000 --> 01:00:19.000 And Hcbs are the manifestation of sickness we have a landscape of treatment, options, old and new, short term, long term more or less invasive more or less costly, but different treatments are better suited for different cases, the more you know about the situation the better your odds that 418 01:00:19.000 --> 01:00:35.000 We're making a good choice, so our resource does not give prescriptions, but instead serves as a compendium aimed at giving users a systematic overview of strategies that have support in current literature it's not intended to promote one strategy over another but to support 419 01:00:35.000 --> 01:00:47.000 informed decision making to help you consider the context, understand constraints, way pros and cons, and set realistic expectations for outcomes 420 01:00:47.000 --> 01:00:51.000 So is choosing a strategy as easily as choosing a fact sheet that looks good. 421 01:00:51.000 --> 01:01:00.000 Of course not. We want to make an informed decision by sorting through options in a logical way we can group strategies according to a variety of factors. 422 01:01:00.000 --> 01:01:08.000 What are those top level considerations? Again, first, each strategy can be characterized as a prevention and intervention, or both. 423 01:01:08.000 --> 01:01:24.000 Next? What type of water body is affected? Is it a pond typically with a depth of 10 feet or less a Laker reservoir that's a larger water body with a residence time of over a year or a river and finally are you concerned primarily with my tonic or benthic 424 01:01:24.000 --> 01:01:36.000 blooms as you'll see in a moment. These are the factors that serve as primary filtering criteria in our interactive management criteria selection tool on the web portal 425 01:01:36.000 --> 01:01:45.000 Well, let's not go there quite yet. If we're serious about identifying a strategy for a real world situation, we do want to collect some additional information first. 426 01:01:45.000 --> 01:02:02.000 We want to know all we can about the water, body characteristics like surface area and depth, residence, time mixing regime and natural turbidity and chemistry will affect our choices also if the lake is highly enriched or you trophic it's important to know whether that input is 427 01:02:02.000 --> 01:02:06.000 from internal loading, or ongoing from the watershed. 428 01:02:06.000 --> 01:02:14.000 Are there use related factors that might limit our choices, for example, is this a drinking water storage reservoir are there swim beaches? 429 01:02:14.000 --> 01:02:32.000 Is management limited by presence of protected species, import game, species, or invasive species, and finally, if your water body has seal or other special influences to consider. For example, ice cover or regulated water level changes, take note of those 2 430 01:02:32.000 --> 01:02:36.000 And of course we want to know as much as possible about the bloom. 431 01:02:36.000 --> 01:02:40.000 Is it a new problem? Or is there a history of frequent recurrence? 432 01:02:40.000 --> 01:02:44.000 When does it occur? Is there an element of seasonal predictability? 433 01:02:44.000 --> 01:02:50.000 And what about location and scale? Does it tend to start in one area or accumulate in one area, and how bad is it? 434 01:02:50.000 --> 01:03:00.000 Is it mild or intense? Do we know what species are most abundant, and whether cyanotoxins have been detected 435 01:03:00.000 --> 01:03:05.000 And last, but not least, there are a practical and human considerations. 436 01:03:05.000 --> 01:03:13.000 How important is blue control relative to other management and use priorities, or the lateral zones important for fish spawning? 437 01:03:13.000 --> 01:03:18.000 Is it more important to have swimmable beaches in July, or safe drinking water year round? 438 01:03:18.000 --> 01:03:24.000 Are there other man actions in place that could present conflicting goals? 439 01:03:24.000 --> 01:03:39.000 And what are the logistic constraints? The immediate budget, the ongoing budget, and available infrastructure and staffing it's important to consider whether there are regulations that constrain options to for example, placing structures on the lake bed or applying 440 01:03:39.000 --> 01:03:45.000 algebraicides. This varies from state to state, and sometimes even at a local or water body level. 441 01:03:45.000 --> 01:03:53.000 It's also important to consider stakeholder perspectives and overall risk tolerance of managers and the community, including your downstream neighbors. 442 01:03:53.000 --> 01:04:01.000 This is a major consideration for both rivers and reservoirs 443 01:04:01.000 --> 01:04:06.000 Now let's go to the management criteria, selection, tool. 444 01:04:06.000 --> 01:04:13.000 We have our information assembled, and we're ready to explore option, as we know the Web Portal offers section 6 and Appendix C. 445 01:04:13.000 --> 01:04:18.000 As well as this management. Criteria, selection, tool, here's a screenshot. 446 01:04:18.000 --> 01:04:29.000 This allows the user to explore options interactively. So we're going to use it to explore a scenario on small burglar 447 01:04:29.000 --> 01:04:38.000 What do we know about the situation? Smallburg Lake is a shallow, well mixed acre lake with an unregulated outflow. 448 01:04:38.000 --> 01:04:53.000 It has nutrient loading from a lot of places, septic systems, resident waterfall, probably from road, crops in the watershed there's also a golf course in a private community, it's loosely managed by the county there's a county, Park, and a scout camp on one 449 01:04:53.000 --> 01:05:09.000 Side and the private shoreline on the south. Residents know that it gets green during most dry summers, but there's been no real concern in the past, however, a visiting colleague from Largeville reservoir recognized it as an hcb tested the Bloom and 450 01:05:09.000 --> 01:05:17.000 Found toxins which put an immediate stop to recreational use 451 01:05:17.000 --> 01:05:18.000 So the county is starting from scratch. They've never thought about Hcb. 452 01:05:18.000 --> 01:05:27.000 Management before they're interested in both intervention and prevention for this planktonic bloom. 453 01:05:27.000 --> 01:05:32.000 We know that this is a small recreational lake, well mixed, long residence time. 454 01:05:32.000 --> 01:05:38.000 What else do we know? It's yourophic, probably with some regular external nutrient loading. 455 01:05:38.000 --> 01:05:40.000 But the managers are open, minded about options. 456 01:05:40.000 --> 01:05:50.000 They're willing to explore methods with limited or emerging support as well as support substantial research evidence 457 01:05:50.000 --> 01:06:05.000 Rather than reading over 70 pages of fact sheets. They're going to start with the interactive tool in the web portal to explore those 24 strategies and apply the factors we just discussed but because they're using such broad selection criteria for a common water body type only 458 01:06:05.000 --> 01:06:08.000 One option is actually eliminated. As a candidate. 459 01:06:08.000 --> 01:06:09.000 However, using the additional sorting factors in the output table. 460 01:06:09.000 --> 01:06:26.000 They're able to eliminate 5 more strategies, 2 that are not recommended for turbid likes, which are a certification, and you'd be exposure and 3 that are not relevant, for shallow lakes artificial mixing hypolynetic oxygenation, and 461 01:06:26.000 --> 01:06:32.000 Hypolymic 462 01:06:32.000 --> 01:06:36.000 So this diagram shows the 18 candidates that are left. 463 01:06:36.000 --> 01:06:51.000 It includes arrangement of strategies that have emerging limited and substantial, supporting data in theory they might all be possibility for use in a small relatively shallow system like small bird lake 5 of them are categorized as prevention. 464 01:06:51.000 --> 01:06:57.000 For as intervention, only and 9 may be considered as both prevention and intervention. 465 01:06:57.000 --> 01:07:03.000 So the next step is to investigate them further. 466 01:07:03.000 --> 01:07:07.000 Stakeholders want the lakes problem to be fixed asap. 467 01:07:07.000 --> 01:07:23.000 So the county convenes a community meeting with speakers from Largeville University Environmental Science Department, the county Extension Office, and like managers from nearby Largeville reservoir the speakers remind everyone that there's no universal fix so they need to discuss options. 468 01:07:23.000 --> 01:07:27.000 Now let's walk through the options with the stakeholder community. 469 01:07:27.000 --> 01:07:29.000 First, they have eliminated monitored natural attenuation. 470 01:07:29.000 --> 01:07:50.000 They want something done right now before the Fourth of July next to physical methods are eliminated, dredging for being too invasive and expensive and hydraulic, flushing because it's not compatible with the dam outflow structure so i shading is also rejected because it would change 471 01:07:50.000 --> 01:08:00.000 the lake's appearance, and after more research and discussion, several other methods are rejected for being 2 untested, 2 unavailable or too expensive. 472 01:08:00.000 --> 01:08:15.000 Those include food web and microbial bio manipulation, nanoparticles, ozoneation, organic bio-sides, and skimming and harvesting, and finally the university expert cautions that phosphorus. 473 01:08:15.000 --> 01:08:28.000 Binding compounds in floculation may not be the best solutions, since the lake continues to have nutrient input from the watershed, so those are set aside, too, what do we, have left 474 01:08:28.000 --> 01:08:32.000 The universe of options has been constrained through careful and systematic consideration. 475 01:08:32.000 --> 01:08:35.000 Fortunately there are still some viable options to work with. 476 01:08:35.000 --> 01:08:40.000 Some are well tested, others have limited support, but stakeholders are willing to consider them. 477 01:08:40.000 --> 01:08:57.000 All they checked with the States Department of environmental quality to see whether there are any regulatory constraints and they learn that all room remaining strategies are allowable, although some regulations may apply and permits may be necessary so the county decides to apply proxide, algebraicide. 478 01:08:57.000 --> 01:09:02.000 Lakewide, if this doesn't work they'll have another meeting to consider a one time use of copper. 479 01:09:02.000 --> 01:09:07.000 I'll just next summer the emphasis will be on prevention. 480 01:09:07.000 --> 01:09:15.000 The county staff, along with volunteer help from the scouts, will install Barley Straw in the north part of the lake next spring, and with some help from the golf. 481 01:09:15.000 --> 01:09:19.000 Course the Homeowners Association is buying an ultrasound device for their corner of the lake. 482 01:09:19.000 --> 01:09:25.000 You will also research floating wetlands. 483 01:09:25.000 --> 01:09:26.000 So to review the stakeholder and management group has decided to adopt a variety of approaches. 484 01:09:26.000 --> 01:09:47.000 The county does not want to treat the like year after year, but they will hire a Lake management company to knock down this year's bloom with Alger side first with peroxide with culated copper maybe as a backup during and after the algebraic application no recreational use would be 485 01:09:47.000 --> 01:09:53.000 permitted, and the cyanotoxins will be monitor until they fall below levels of concern over the coming months. 486 01:09:53.000 --> 01:10:07.000 The county will work to acquire barley, straw, to install in the north shoreline next spring, and meanwhile the Homeowners Association and Golf course will buy an ultrasound device and a research floating wetland as you may already have guessed the County government has been 487 01:10:07.000 --> 01:10:22.000 Wise to recognize this as an opportunity to strengthen communication and monitoring we're convening a stakeholder group that includes lake and watershed interests, and they've agreed to pay for Lake white toxin testing working with Largeville university scientists to 488 01:10:22.000 --> 01:10:30.000 track results and update the community through both traditional and social media 489 01:10:30.000 --> 01:10:37.000 Before implementing a strategy. Let's go back to Section 6 of the document to make sure we haven't forgotten anything. 490 01:10:37.000 --> 01:10:42.000 Yup, the county has done these things as part of choosing the strategy they've researched. 491 01:10:42.000 --> 01:10:45.000 Permit requirements and checked in with stakeholders. 492 01:10:45.000 --> 01:10:46.000 They've considered the possible side effects, and deemed them acceptable. 493 01:10:46.000 --> 01:10:57.000 Given the uses of the lake they've gotten estimates from several different light management companies, and reviewed the short and long term budget impacts as well as the logistics. 494 01:10:57.000 --> 01:11:05.000 Finally, they're working with the community to communicate their goals and plans 495 01:11:05.000 --> 01:11:21.000 Perhaps most importantly, the county now knows that in order to evaluate different strategies it's important to monitor both before and after implementation in both the treated and control areas if possible, for small burglar they're trying one strategy in the North Cove and one in the South 496 01:11:21.000 --> 01:11:37.000 They plan to monitor conditions in both locations as well as at the dam where no treatment is being applied with help from experts and students at Largeville university they'll collect samples for cyanotoxins and cell counts on a weekly, basis before and after the treatments along with 497 01:11:37.000 --> 01:11:41.000 Dissolved oxygen and neutrients and what are clarity? 498 01:11:41.000 --> 01:11:47.000 The county has asked the state Wildlife agency and the State Regulatory Agency to review their plans. 499 01:11:47.000 --> 01:12:04.000 Both agencies agree that it's important to measure dissolved oxygen and toxins when applying any algae side. They like the monitoring plan and they note that the light management contractor that was selected as well as established and familiar with the permit process 500 01:12:04.000 --> 01:12:11.000 As we've seen with this small Bird Lake example, adaptive management will increase your odds of understanding and success. 501 01:12:11.000 --> 01:12:18.000 Hcbs are complex phenomena, and no 2 are exactly the same so set realistic expectations make methodical careful decisions based on as much data as possible. 502 01:12:18.000 --> 01:12:26.000 But remain flexible, and learn from every attempt, whether successful. 503 01:12:26.000 --> 01:12:35.000 This is how adaptive management works that first, toxic bloom can induce panic, so it may require conscious effort to take a step back and look at the big picture. 504 01:12:35.000 --> 01:12:41.000 To consider the fiscal, practical, and ecological consequences of any approach. 505 01:12:41.000 --> 01:12:45.000 Use the event as an opportunity to recruit allies, and communicate with stakeholders. 506 01:12:45.000 --> 01:13:04.000 If the intervention strategies are planned, determine in advance what queue will trigger an intervention and of, course, throughout implementation of any strategy include a monitoring plan that will close the loop and allow you to assess the effectiveness of your management and control efforts 507 01:13:04.000 --> 01:13:08.000 One final note the fact sheets presented in Appendix C. 508 01:13:08.000 --> 01:13:09.000 Do not include everything that's on the market today, and certainly not everything. 509 01:13:09.000 --> 01:13:23.000 That will be on the market tomorrow again. Complex, persistent problems continue to inspire many attempts to solve them, and new options are emerging constantly so when you encounter a new option. 510 01:13:23.000 --> 01:13:30.000 Evaluate it systematically by asking the same questions are peer-reviewed, independent field studies available? 511 01:13:30.000 --> 01:13:37.000 Does the evidence match the claims? Does it fit? Does it fit your particular water, body and management goals? 512 01:13:37.000 --> 01:13:43.000 What are the upfront and recurring costs, and how often does the treatment need to apply to be applied? 513 01:13:43.000 --> 01:13:51.000 What are the possible short and long term impacts to the water body and is it reversible, or will it leave a lasting impact? 514 01:13:51.000 --> 01:13:59.000 Are there possible side effects or residuals? These are all important questions 515 01:13:59.000 --> 01:14:01.000 And what are our key takeaways, then, as we've seen, the options can seem overwhelming, they can be overwhelming. 516 01:14:01.000 --> 01:14:14.000 But you can improve your odds of success by learning as much as possible about your water body and the bloom, and then set goals realistically. 517 01:14:14.000 --> 01:14:29.000 Realistic relative to water body uses and to fiscal and other constraints consider whether proposed strategy treats the symptom or addresses underlying causes include a Well-designed monitoring plan with your treatment so that you can evaluate the 518 01:14:29.000 --> 01:14:37.000 Efficacy, and you can use the management and control section of the guidance document to help you work through the steps and considerations. 519 01:14:37.000 --> 01:14:57.000 And most importantly do understand that in like management strategy are just one part of the bigger picture that includes understanding and monitoring responsive communication and watershed management and with that mentioned I'd like to welcome back Ben Holcomb from Utah department of Environmental 520 01:14:57.000 --> 01:15:01.000 Okay. Thank you so much. Liz. 521 01:15:01.000 --> 01:15:05.000 Alright. Let's jump into the final module. 522 01:15:05.000 --> 01:15:28.000 Strategies for use and nutrient management. This module covers section 7 of the document, so to provide some initial context I plan to discuss these 4 categories of nutrient management with you today review the factors influencing hcbs steps for success the Itrc 523 01:15:28.000 --> 01:15:34.000 Hcb. Web Portal, and the tools we've developed, and to help you use them. 524 01:15:34.000 --> 01:15:39.000 We're going to go through a scenario application 525 01:15:39.000 --> 01:15:40.000 Alright. So as you've learned through the introduction training module. 526 01:15:40.000 --> 01:16:01.000 There are a number of known variables that contribute to Hcbs, yet many unknowns that influence the extent magnitude, and duration of the blooms, nutrients, light availability and temperature and the timing of the 3 as they relate to seasonal growth strongly influenced 527 01:16:01.000 --> 01:16:14.000 Planktonic Hcb. Formation, however, of these variables, nutrients, or the contributor that we can only hope to control on a local level that may lead to preventing blooms. 528 01:16:14.000 --> 01:16:24.000 The most prominent source of nutrients will vary by location, making it important for water managers to understand the land use and the surrounding area. 529 01:16:24.000 --> 01:16:33.000 There's significant difficulty. Rooming nutrients from our waterways they're pervasive and found naturally throughout our watersheds. 530 01:16:33.000 --> 01:16:36.000 They're intertwined with our everyday life. 531 01:16:36.000 --> 01:16:40.000 They are persistent and can accumulate within a watershed. 532 01:16:40.000 --> 01:16:41.000 Finally they're a necessity for growth and ecological function. 533 01:16:41.000 --> 01:16:49.000 So optimal amounts don't vary with time and location 534 01:16:49.000 --> 01:16:56.000 In this training and our guidance we place more emphasis on the caret approaches to reduce nutrients. 535 01:16:56.000 --> 01:17:07.000 However, there are regulatory aspects with controlling nutrients within many states that can be employed which can assist with the sticker approach when needed. 536 01:17:07.000 --> 01:17:25.000 These nutrients, nitrogen and phosphorus are typically the elements that limit growth and terrestrial and particularly aquatic ecosystems, where planktonic hcbs occur so as more added to the system more growth occurs let's briefly cover how 537 01:17:25.000 --> 01:17:32.000 Human activities can increase the levels of these nutrients and our water bodies 538 01:17:32.000 --> 01:17:42.000 So first let's talk about phosphorus and contrast to its elemental form, which is used every day in our led light bulbs. 539 01:17:42.000 --> 01:17:47.000 It's found as phosphate outside the laboratory as an l and molecule. 540 01:17:47.000 --> 01:17:51.000 It's sticky. So aside from point source, affluent discharges. 541 01:17:51.000 --> 01:17:58.000 It's generally related to settlement erosion and transport within your watershed in terms of sources. 542 01:17:58.000 --> 01:18:16.000 There are a few major contributors, such as waste disposal and runoff from animals and humans when it's applied as a concentrated fertilizer for crop growth and when industrially used in detergents or for production of materials as for nitrogen 543 01:18:16.000 --> 01:18:20.000 Besides, it's use in the explosion of airbag deployment. 544 01:18:20.000 --> 01:18:24.000 For example, nitrogen is most commonly found in gaseous form because of that. 545 01:18:24.000 --> 01:18:34.000 It's cycling in the natural environment is more complicated than phosphorus, and therefore limiting nitrogen and having the same effect in within. 546 01:18:34.000 --> 01:18:46.000 The environment is more tricky, particularly if you recall from the introduction module, that some scientists can fix nitrogen from the atmosphere and bring it into the aquatic environment. 547 01:18:46.000 --> 01:18:52.000 Nonetheless it too, shares a number of sources similar to those of phosphorus. 548 01:18:52.000 --> 01:18:58.000 For this training and our guidance. We're not waiting into the debate of whether reducing phosphorus or nitrogen is more important. 549 01:18:58.000 --> 01:19:04.000 Both are important for growth so it greatly depends on the ecology of your water body. 550 01:19:04.000 --> 01:19:21.000 The relative contributions from sources within the watershed and the water body, and the timing of when these nutrients are available in molecular form for sinobacteria growth, so with that said it's critically important that you understand when the dominant sources of the 551 01:19:21.000 --> 01:19:28.000 Nutrients are arriving from outside of your lake that is external loading from the watershed? 552 01:19:28.000 --> 01:19:37.000 Or is it primarily originating from within the lake itself, which is termed internal loading, depending on the depth of your water body. 553 01:19:37.000 --> 01:19:55.000 Internal loading may occur through different mechanisms, shallow water bodies may experience internal loading due to the re-suspension of sediments from wave action, whereas in deeper waters they may experience this loading through a chemical reaction when oxygen levels at the sediment 554 01:19:55.000 --> 01:20:00.000 Surface become depleted, which results in phosphorus, and nitrogen molecules being released. 555 01:20:00.000 --> 01:20:15.000 Then depending on the mixing ability, such as turnover frequency in a stratified lake, the nutrients become available to primary producers like sino bacteria. 556 01:20:15.000 --> 01:20:33.000 Alright so within this training module we're focused on nutrient management strategies that originate from external loading for ideas to tackle nutrients due to internal loading please revisit the inlake treatment training which is module 4 and visit section 6 of the 557 01:20:33.000 --> 01:20:52.000 document that lives just discussed for practical purposes. It's critical to tackle your external sources of nutrients first, or the strategies applied to treat internal loading will likely be short lived 558 01:20:52.000 --> 01:20:56.000 Alright. There are a number of steps and approaches, and to cover this topic Hcb. 559 01:20:56.000 --> 01:21:20.000 Team created this section and the web portal in particular, to assemble relevant information that we found useful into one place how however, if you're following these basic steps, it'll help organize your approach implementing these strategies successfully some steps, may require substantial resources but even limited amounts 560 01:21:20.000 --> 01:21:25.000 of data and information, may be very useful in identifying priorities. 561 01:21:25.000 --> 01:21:49.000 So these steps are to explore the issues with regulatory agencies, gather information, particularly about newutrient loading for the water body that you're concerned about develop actions that secure community cop cooperation determined critical areas for implementation of nutrient management 562 01:21:49.000 --> 01:21:58.000 Strategies, implement those strategies, using the most efficient and targeted approaches, and finally evaluate the effectiveness. 563 01:21:58.000 --> 01:22:07.000 Adapt document share lessons learned, and those success stories so I'm gonna step through these in a little bit more detail. 564 01:22:07.000 --> 01:22:12.000 So first one explore the issue with regulatory agencies. 565 01:22:12.000 --> 01:22:29.000 Contact, your local and state agencies, to determine whether nutrients have been identified as an issue in your watershed, and whether watershed plans or nutrient concentration goals, such as watershed specific loads, or site specific criteria, i've already been developed for 566 01:22:29.000 --> 01:22:38.000 The Hcb. Affected water body. You can find more information on this step in section 7.2 567 01:22:38.000 --> 01:22:56.000 Next gather information and data. It's critical to characterize the relative nutrient loads, using models and monitoring as necessary, identify the predominant nutrient sources in the watershed and prioritize nutrient sources for reduction 568 01:22:56.000 --> 01:23:01.000 So leverage, local knowledge, review per meeting databases, etc. 569 01:23:01.000 --> 01:23:06.000 If N. Previous assessments exist, you can check out us. 570 01:23:06.000 --> 01:23:19.000 EPA's house, my waterway it it was designed to provide information collected from states, tribes, and local agencies related to the condition of water bodies throughout the Us. 571 01:23:19.000 --> 01:23:34.000 Consider using nutrient source, tracking to assist with characterizing primary nutrient sources, and visit the recovery potential screen tool that was designed for your State which is found on EPA's website more information regarding this step can be found in section 7. 572 01:23:34.000 --> 01:23:44.000 Point 3 which provides specific examples and resources 573 01:23:44.000 --> 01:23:49.000 Step, 3, discover and reach out to affected stakeholders. 574 01:23:49.000 --> 01:23:59.000 Build, outreach and education. This is a critical step. It's often overlooked because resource managers tend to focus on the technical issues. 575 01:23:59.000 --> 01:24:06.000 But stakeholders can assist by seeking information and filling data gaps identified in the previous steps. 576 01:24:06.000 --> 01:24:10.000 They can assist with seeking, funding and funding strategies. 577 01:24:10.000 --> 01:24:17.000 Many of the success stories that we've discovered share the trade of funding through shared partnerships. 578 01:24:17.000 --> 01:24:22.000 They can also help by implementing the projects when developing your outreach. 579 01:24:22.000 --> 01:24:27.000 Consider the languages, culture, events, and demographics of the place and community. 580 01:24:27.000 --> 01:24:34.000 Also consider conducting educational outreach at schools for additional info on this subject. 581 01:24:34.000 --> 01:24:40.000 Visit, Section 7.2, and in addition for specific examples and resources. 582 01:24:40.000 --> 01:24:42.000 For this objective review the Hcb. Web Portal, and Hcb. 583 01:24:42.000 --> 01:24:49.000 Risk communication and section 5, 584 01:24:49.000 --> 01:24:56.000 Alright step 4 prioritize our actions, and this is the step where your efforts were really pay off. 585 01:24:56.000 --> 01:25:06.000 It's also the most difficult step, because there are multiple potential actions that can lead to neutron reduction in a myriad of scenarios. 586 01:25:06.000 --> 01:25:25.000 The Itrc team emphasized our efforts towards compiling these strategies into a single location with an easy to use graphic that categorizes strategies based on neutron sources visit section 7.4 for more information and later in the training I'll cover a scenario on how to 587 01:25:25.000 --> 01:25:32.000 Use the tools that we've created to assist you with these decisions 588 01:25:32.000 --> 01:25:41.000 Alright, step 5, implement the strategies, and you know this is usually the fun, exciting and fulfilling step. 589 01:25:41.000 --> 01:25:46.000 You get to spend all those funds that your team worked hard to secure. 590 01:25:46.000 --> 01:25:54.000 But just remember that for physical and structural strategies ensure that you have secured the appropriate permits before you start your work. 591 01:25:54.000 --> 01:26:06.000 There are numerous case studies and examples found throughout Section 7 of the document that goes over strategy implementation 592 01:26:06.000 --> 01:26:11.000 And the final step step 6 to conduct effectiveness. 593 01:26:11.000 --> 01:26:12.000 Monitoring, as mentioned in module 4. Before implementing all these steps. 594 01:26:12.000 --> 01:26:25.000 It's critical to devote time incorporating a monitoring plan that the documents, whether the actions that were taken were successful. 595 01:26:25.000 --> 01:26:45.000 This is particularly important when justifying the cost expended for the project to the funding entities, and it's also helpful for securing future funding as well, and it's also a useful way to identify lessons learned from unsuccessful projects 596 01:26:45.000 --> 01:26:53.000 To put these steps into context. It's helpful to remember that excess nutrients can be regulated under the Clean Water Act. 597 01:26:53.000 --> 01:27:01.000 There are mechanisms to achieve reductions through these needs, however, because nutrients can originate from both regulated. 598 01:27:01.000 --> 01:27:15.000 That is point sources and unregulated sources, non-point sources, most effective successes occur through a combination of both regulatory and set of programs when you get some it's important to ask these questions. 599 01:27:15.000 --> 01:27:38.000 Have goals been established, have total maximum daily loads. Tmbl's been established, have load allocations been implemented into discharge permits. More information is found in section 7.2 on this topic 600 01:27:38.000 --> 01:27:44.000 And so we've broken nutrient sources into point and non point sources. 601 01:27:44.000 --> 01:28:03.000 Point. Sources are regulated. Non-point sources aren't regulated unless a teamdl has been approved, and we've categorized point sources into these 3 categories municipal and and industrial discharges storm water and agriculture 602 01:28:03.000 --> 01:28:11.000 Specifically confined animal feeding offer operations or kfos 603 01:28:11.000 --> 01:28:21.000 As mentioned non-point sources aren't regulated, but there are a number of established programs that incentivize nutrient reduction practices. 604 01:28:21.000 --> 01:28:43.000 So we categorize non-point sources into agriculture, storm, water, septic, wastewater management, force, management, roadway, management, and hydrologic and habitat modifications such as shoreline repairing, and wetlands. 605 01:28:43.000 --> 01:28:50.000 To bridge these 2 categories point sources of non-point sources. 606 01:28:50.000 --> 01:29:03.000 We also have a section on water quality trading. So water quality trading spans both those categories because it's typically deployed as a tool across nutrient source categories. 607 01:29:03.000 --> 01:29:23.000 Water quality. Trading is based on the premise that nutrient control from some sources may require costly measures, which, while measures to reduce the same nutrient at other sources are less expensive so for example, this may arise when treating nutrients at a 608 01:29:23.000 --> 01:29:30.000 Point source becomes prohibitively more expensive than if those funds were deployed within the watershed. 609 01:29:30.000 --> 01:29:50.000 At other sources that could reduce nutrients even more so trading allows greater loss or it it it allows us to provide less costly neutral reductions from one source to be transferred to another source where reductions may be more expensive this flexibility. 610 01:29:50.000 --> 01:29:55.000 Allows for better outcomes at lower costs. Why quality? 611 01:29:55.000 --> 01:30:01.000 Trading promotes, nutrient reduction at lower costs while advancing improved environmental conditions. 612 01:30:01.000 --> 01:30:08.000 So visit Section 7.7 to learn more about that 613 01:30:08.000 --> 01:30:12.000 Alright. Now let's showcase some of the tools we've assembled first. 614 01:30:12.000 --> 01:30:31.000 This is the strategy, selection, graphic each red dot corresponds to the pointer non point source categories that I just described earlier hovering over the dot pops up a window that provides a link to each of those strategies the strategies include links to resources and 615 01:30:31.000 --> 01:30:52.000 examples of these strategies, and use across the country. The strategies were broken into 2 themes, structural and non-structural structural strategies and nutrient management typical typically incorporate physical treatment which can be either passive and natural or active and mechanical such as 616 01:30:52.000 --> 01:31:00.000 sedimentation, filtration, absorption, Ion exchange or disinfection. 617 01:31:00.000 --> 01:31:15.000 Non-structural strategies are generally programmatic in nature, such as education and outreach regulation and enforcement, maintenance or source control 618 01:31:15.000 --> 01:31:22.000 In addition, we've compiled these strategies into an easy to read table, which is found in section 7.4. 619 01:31:22.000 --> 01:31:33.000 Each of these strategies are hyperlinked that can take you right to the narrative that that describes this strategies 620 01:31:33.000 --> 01:31:36.000 Alright. So let's go through a scenario. 621 01:31:36.000 --> 01:31:44.000 This scenario will mainly focus on the objectives of step 4 which was to identify and prioritize your strategies. 622 01:31:44.000 --> 01:31:50.000 So this is Largeville reservoir. You've seen it, and a few of our earlier modules. 623 01:31:50.000 --> 01:31:57.000 It's got a role in rural water intake located here. 624 01:31:57.000 --> 01:32:17.000 See that it's a it's been receiving annual reports of taste and odor issues, and these reports tend to co-occur when signal blooms are located in the area you can see that the lake is not only used for drinking water source but 625 01:32:17.000 --> 01:32:24.000 Also has recreational opportunities around it. 626 01:32:24.000 --> 01:32:40.000 So let's zoom out a little bit and look at the watershed as a whole to kind of get a sense of where nutrient sources may be occurring within the watershed so just to orient to you here's the that rural water intake and the 627 01:32:40.000 --> 01:33:02.000 upper part of the reservoir and we have a a community called a farm town that has some feed lots within the the watershed, and also there's a an area upstream that's called a a small burg that has a lake 628 01:33:02.000 --> 01:33:08.000 And then let's zoom in a bit on a small burg, and it's area. 629 01:33:08.000 --> 01:33:14.000 So the lake here is a considerably enriched lake. 630 01:33:14.000 --> 01:33:26.000 It includes cabins with, you know, onsite wastewater or septic wastewater that may or may not be effect effectively. 631 01:33:26.000 --> 01:33:33.000 Implemented. Perhaps they were quickly assembled, and then you'll notice that you know this water. 632 01:33:33.000 --> 01:33:47.000 Body. This pond is is connected to the upstream part of large field reservoir. So let's go over to our our graphic 633 01:33:47.000 --> 01:33:54.000 And just, for example, I can hover over, you know, a septic system. 634 01:33:54.000 --> 01:34:00.000 The red dot there at the septic system, or hover over the red dot that depicts a kfo. 635 01:34:00.000 --> 01:34:07.000 That pops up the hyperlinked strategy name, and we can click on that strategy. 636 01:34:07.000 --> 01:34:11.000 So, for example, I click on the septic system. 637 01:34:11.000 --> 01:34:14.000 This gives you an example of the layout of the strategy. 638 01:34:14.000 --> 01:34:42.000 It goes into like I mentioned that the structural and non structural strategies for each each of those stretch each of those strategies or potential source implementation sources, and also goes into the the pros and cons of each of those bmps 639 01:34:42.000 --> 01:34:52.000 So so finally let me quickly touch upon a disclaimer from you know, implementing what we've even discussed today. 640 01:34:52.000 --> 01:35:02.000 So as you may or may not know, the the climate is changing faster than our ability to reduce nutrients in our wise. 641 01:35:02.000 --> 01:35:22.000 A rapidly changing climate may confound any attempts to prevent Cyano blooms, but controlling and reducing nutrient availability to these blooms is our best hope to reduce the extent magnitude or duration, of these events and Lake Erie provides a cautionary 642 01:35:22.000 --> 01:35:25.000 Tale that managing nutrients is a constant issue. 643 01:35:25.000 --> 01:35:29.000 Nutrients were greatly reduced through point sources. 644 01:35:29.000 --> 01:35:39.000 At the beginning of the clean water act, but through time non-point sources began to dominate the contributions to that system. 645 01:35:39.000 --> 01:35:53.000 And now they're exceeding those efforts, so it we may not be successful to prevent these blooms, but reducing them through some acts aspect of Hcbs. 646 01:35:53.000 --> 01:35:57.000 Can be considered a success 647 01:35:57.000 --> 01:36:18.000 And then, finally, there are many success stories, and but as I mentioned, you need a long term full court press to reduce excess nutrients from prior time at risk water bodies is the critical takeaway in terms of nutrient management reducing nutrients and waterways takes 648 01:36:18.000 --> 01:36:22.000 tremendous fortitude and perseverance. And it's not a quick fix. 649 01:36:22.000 --> 01:36:30.000 It takes a long time and a lot of resources. It's also important to document and share your work because we couldn't put this web portal together without that kind of documentation. 650 01:36:30.000 --> 01:36:40.000 That's that we've been able to uncover. 651 01:36:40.000 --> 01:36:49.000 So that's all I've got. And now I'm gonna turn it over to Devin for questions 652 01:36:49.000 --> 01:36:56.000 Great. Thank you so much, and for wrapping us up there, we will. 653 01:36:56.000 --> 01:37:17.000 Jump. Let me just look real quick. If we have any questions here we don't have any questions yet, so if anybody has anything that they would like the trainers to address, please put that in the chat now and we will address that I will just run through our post class logistics here, while we wait and see if we 654 01:37:17.000 --> 01:37:36.000 have any questions so we would love to hear your feedback from today's training. So if you have a moment, we would really appreciate you filling up the feedback form that is available on the Cluen training page that brought you here today it's that will be the way that you can get a 655 01:37:36.000 --> 01:37:45.000 certificate of completion. If you're interested for the course by filling out the feedback form and checking the box to certify that you participate in, I'd like to say a special thank you to our trainers. 656 01:37:45.000 --> 01:37:50.000 For being here today and for contributing to the Itrc document and to our attendees as well. 657 01:37:50.000 --> 01:37:58.000 So okay, I see, Ben, do you want me to read that one out loud? 658 01:37:58.000 --> 01:37:59.000 Oh, yeah. Sure! Go ahead. 659 01:37:59.000 --> 01:38:04.000 Okay. So we have a we have a question here in the chat that I'll read for everybody. 660 01:38:04.000 --> 01:38:10.000 Besides, I'm I'm going to assume that's nitrate and phosphorus monitoring. 661 01:38:10.000 --> 01:38:16.000 Are there other nutrients that you think would be interesting to monitor such as iron? 662 01:38:16.000 --> 01:38:17.000 I believe fie! Is iron 663 01:38:17.000 --> 01:38:22.000 Good yes, chemistry, you got it in chemistry right? 664 01:38:22.000 --> 01:38:32.000 Yeah, if if you do have the resources to include iron in your analyses, that that can be a really useful parameter to look at, particularly in sediments. 665 01:38:32.000 --> 01:38:47.000 So if you're trying to understand the ability of your in lake setiments to sequester or hold on to phosphorus in the lake that that's a really good idea. 666 01:38:47.000 --> 01:39:10.000 It's probably a bit more difficult to interpret and like a river system. But certainly in Lake I think it would be a you know. It's a useful attribute to include I hope that answers your question 667 01:39:10.000 --> 01:39:14.000 All right. Thank you. Ben. Looks like it did so, seeing us how? 668 01:39:14.000 --> 01:39:35.000 That is our only question right now. I will just close up our training for today, and would like to just remind everybody that we do archive all of our online trainings and they are available on the clue and website under archive trainings and if you ever have any you know extra time or interested 669 01:39:35.000 --> 01:39:45.000 In additional training topics, I would encourage you to check that out, as we have lots of great archive classes on there so with that I will wish you all a wonderful rest of your afternoon, and we hope to see you in another online, training event. 670 01:39:45.000 --> 01:40:05.000 Soon