| Voluntary action to redevelop potentially contaminated property operates under vastly different market constraints than mandated corrective action programs. Pressures exist that impact the time scale, cost/benefit ratio, priorities, and resources that allow the action to transpire. Non-market pressures, usually in the form of regulation, also affect decisions over the course of redevelopment. Together, these forces also determine the technologies and methods used to characterize the property, as well as the media sampled. This report will investigate the reasons behind that and detail the current level of field-based characterization tool application at 115 waterfront brownfield and Voluntary Cleanup Program (VCP) sites. |