Description
Historical activity that resulted
in contamination.
| The site was an active drycleaning facility from 1947 until 2001. Stoddard solvent was used at the facility from 1947 until 1995, when the drycleaner switched to PCE from 1995 until 2001, when the facility closed. During a facility inspection in 2002, 25 drums were found to be stored outside the rear of the facility. Several of the stored drums were leaking PCE contaminated fluid.
Two contamination areas were identified at the site surrounding the site building at the locations of the former drycleaning machines, as well as near the rear doors of the facility.
The facility is located in a mixed residential and commercial area and occupies a 5,000 square foot stand-alone building. Remediation Status: In groundwater monitoring |
Contaminants
Contaminants present and the highest amount
detected in both soil and groundwater.
| Contaminant |
Media |
Concentration (ppb) |
Nondetect |
| cis-1,2-Dichloroethene |
groundwater |
|
|
| free-phase Stoddard's Solvent |
groundwater |
|
|
| free-phase Stoddard's Solvent |
soil |
|
|
| Tetrachloroethene (PCE) |
groundwater |
|
|
| Tetrachloroethene (PCE) |
soil |
|
|
| Trichloroethene (TCE) |
groundwater |
|
|
| Trichloroethene (TCE) |
soil |
|
|
| Vinyl Chloride |
groundwater |
|
ND |
Site Hydrology
| Deepest Significant
Groundwater Contamination: |
|
32ft bgs |
| Plume Size: |
|
Plume Length: 90ft
Plume Width: 45ft
Plume Thickness: 30ft |
| Average Depth
to Groundwater: |
|
20ft |
Lithology and Subsurface Geology
|
|
brown silty clay with some sand, marl, coquina, and gravel
Depth: 0-50ft bgs
50ft thick
Conductivity: 0.002834646ft/day
Gradient: 0.06ft/ft
|
Hermitage Limestone Fromation
|
|
limestone
|
Pathways and DNAPL Presence
 Groundwater
 Sediments
Soil
Presumptive Evidence of DNAPL
|
Vapor Intrusion Pathway
Has the potential for vapor intrusion (VI) been evaluated? |
|
No
|
Has a vapor mitigation system been installed? |
|
No |
Additional VI Information: |
|
The VI Pathway was not evaluated because the site is a stand-alone building that is currently unoccupied. |
Remediation Scenario
Cleanup
Goals: |
|
The clean-up goal at the site is to meet groundwater standards, with an interim goal of plume contraction.
|
Remedy Level: |
|
Full Scale Remedy |
Technologies
In Situ Biostimulation |
|
Why the technology was selected:
An Emergency Excavation was performed at the site in Fall 2002 to remove contaminated soil associated with the 25 drums at the rear of the facility.
Lactate injections were chosen first to attempt to assist breakdown in the plume fringes.
Chemical Oxidation was selected as a result of groundwater pH ranges and lack of PCE's anaerobic daughter product concentrations in soil and groundwater within affected area signifying that reductive dechlorination wasn't naturally occuring.
Date implemented:
Fall 2002- Excavation
Fall 2005- Lactate Injections
Fall 2006-Chemical Oxidation Phase I
Spring 2007-Chemical Oxidation Phase II
Final remediation design:
The Emergency Excavation removed soil from a 15'x15'x14' area. Approximately 51 tons of contaminated soil and 2,000 gallons of contaminated pit water due to heavy rains that partially filled the open excavation, were disposed of as hazardous waste.
Sodium lactate was injected into the subsurface at the site during the closure of temporary monitoring points. A total of 300 pounds of sodium lactate was injected into the subsurface.
During the Fall 2006 injection event, Innovative Environmental Technologies (IET) designed and implemented a remedial event that utilized 17 direct-push injections from 16-18 feet bgs and 35-37 feet bgs. The chemical oxidation event utilized 1,850 pounds of sodium persulfate, 1,235 pounds of ZVI, and 455 gallons of 12.5% hydrogen peroxide.
The second chemical oxidation event in Spring 2007 involved 17 direct push injections at the same depths as the first oxidation event. The chemical oxidation event utilized 16,380 pounds of sodium persulfate, 766 pounds of ZVI, and 1,524 gallons of 8% hydrogen peroxide.
Results to date:
Analytical GW Data PCE
Well 2005(ppb) 2009(ppb)
MW-1 390 36
MW-2 340 18
MW-3 440 270
MW-4 18000 3500
MW-5 16000 20000
MW-6 2200 370
A 46% PCE reduction throughout the site has been observed, however
PCE concentrations in MW-5 have increased, most likely due to the displacement of a sorbed mass of PCE, which might have occurred during the injections events or the abandonment of MW-4A. MW-4A was improperly installed in 2002 and was abandoned in 2008. During the abandonment of the former borehole area, the driller may have pressurized the area to prepare for closure. Water was noted to have been blown out of two nearby monitoring wells that drastically moved contaminants in the subsurface.
Next Steps:
The next step for the Former Modern Cleaners is the installation of two additional monitoring wells down-gradient of the site to redefine the contamination plume. Additional remedial injections may be needed to treat the new leading edge of the plume pushed west in the direction of the property line.
Cost to Design and Implement:
All technologies: Excavation-$54,129
Groundwater-$140,169
|
In Situ Chemical Oxidation |
|
Why the technology was selected:
An Emergency Excavation was performed at the site in Fall 2002 to remove contaminated soil associated with the 25 drums at the rear of the facility.
Lactate injections were chosen first to attempt to assist breakdown in the plume fringes.
Chemical Oxidation was selected as a result of groundwater pH ranges and lack of PCE's anaerobic daughter product concentrations in soil and groundwater within affected area signifying that reductive dechlorination wasn't naturally occuring.
Date implemented:
Fall 2002- Excavation
Fall 2005- Lactate Injections
Fall 2006-Chemical Oxidation Phase I
Spring 2007-Chemical Oxidation Phase II
Final remediation design:
The Emergency Excavation removed soil from a 15'x15'x14' area. Approximately 51 tons of contaminated soil and 2,000 gallons of contaminated pit water due to heavy rains that partially filled the open excavation, were disposed of as hazardous waste.
Sodium lactate was injected into the subsurface at the site during the closure of temporary monitoring points. A total of 300 pounds of sodium lactate was injected into the subsurface.
During the Fall 2006 injection event, Innovative Environmental Technologies (IET) designed and implemented a remedial event that utilized 17 direct-push injections from 16-18 feet bgs and 35-37 feet bgs. The chemical oxidation event utilized 1,850 pounds of sodium persulfate, 1,235 pounds of ZVI, and 455 gallons of 12.5% hydrogen peroxide.
The second chemical oxidation event in Spring 2007 involved 17 direct push injections at the same depths as the first oxidation event. The chemical oxidation event utilized 16,380 pounds of sodium persulfate, 766 pounds of ZVI, and 1,524 gallons of 8% hydrogen peroxide.
Results to date:
Analytical GW Data PCE
Well 2005(ppb) 2009(ppb)
MW-1 390 36
MW-2 340 18
MW-3 440 270
MW-4 18000 3500
MW-5 16000 20000
MW-6 2200 370
A 46% PCE reduction throughout the site has been observed, however
PCE concentrations in MW-5 have increased, most likely due to the displacement of a sorbed mass of PCE, which might have occurred during the injections events or the abandonment of MW-4A. MW-4A was improperly installed in 2002 and was abandoned in 2008. During the abandonment of the former borehole area, the driller may have pressurized the area to prepare for closure. Water was noted to have been blown out of two nearby monitoring wells that drastically moved contaminants in the subsurface.
Next Steps:
The next step for the Former Modern Cleaners is the installation of two additional monitoring wells down-gradient of the site to redefine the contamination plume. Additional remedial injections may be needed to treat the new leading edge of the plume pushed west in the direction of the property line.
Cost to Design and Implement:
All technologies: Excavation-$54,129
Groundwater-$140,169
|
In Situ Zero Valent Iron |
|
Why the technology was selected:
An Emergency Excavation was performed at the site in Fall 2002 to remove contaminated soil associated with the 25 drums at the rear of the facility.
Lactate injections were chosen first to attempt to assist breakdown in the plume fringes.
Chemical Oxidation was selected as a result of groundwater pH ranges and lack of PCE's anaerobic daughter product concentrations in soil and groundwater within affected area signifying that reductive dechlorination wasn't naturally occuring.
Date implemented:
Fall 2002- Excavation
Fall 2005- Lactate Injections
Fall 2006-Chemical Oxidation Phase I
Spring 2007-Chemical Oxidation Phase II
Final remediation design:
The Emergency Excavation removed soil from a 15'x15'x14' area. Approximately 51 tons of contaminated soil and 2,000 gallons of contaminated pit water due to heavy rains that partially filled the open excavation, were disposed of as hazardous waste.
Sodium lactate was injected into the subsurface at the site during the closure of temporary monitoring points. A total of 300 pounds of sodium lactate was injected into the subsurface.
During the Fall 2006 injection event, Innovative Environmental Technologies (IET) designed and implemented a remedial event that utilized 17 direct-push injections from 16-18 feet bgs and 35-37 feet bgs. The chemical oxidation event utilized 1,850 pounds of sodium persulfate, 1,235 pounds of ZVI, and 455 gallons of 12.5% hydrogen peroxide.
The second chemical oxidation event in Spring 2007 involved 17 direct push injections at the same depths as the first oxidation event. The chemical oxidation event utilized 16,380 pounds of sodium persulfate, 766 pounds of ZVI, and 1,524 gallons of 8% hydrogen peroxide.
Results to date:
Analytical GW Data PCE
Well 2005(ppb) 2009(ppb)
MW-1 390 36
MW-2 340 18
MW-3 440 270
MW-4 18000 3500
MW-5 16000 20000
MW-6 2200 370
A 46% PCE reduction throughout the site has been observed, however
PCE concentrations in MW-5 have increased, most likely due to the displacement of a sorbed mass of PCE, which might have occurred during the injections events or the abandonment of MW-4A. MW-4A was improperly installed in 2002 and was abandoned in 2008. During the abandonment of the former borehole area, the driller may have pressurized the area to prepare for closure. Water was noted to have been blown out of two nearby monitoring wells that drastically moved contaminants in the subsurface.
Next Steps:
The next step for the Former Modern Cleaners is the installation of two additional monitoring wells down-gradient of the site to redefine the contamination plume. Additional remedial injections may be needed to treat the new leading edge of the plume pushed west in the direction of the property line.
Cost to Design and Implement:
All technologies: Excavation-$54,129
Groundwater-$140,169
|
Ex Situ Soil Removal |
|
Why the technology was selected:
An Emergency Excavation was performed at the site in Fall 2002 to remove contaminated soil associated with the 25 drums at the rear of the facility.
Lactate injections were chosen first to attempt to assist breakdown in the plume fringes.
Chemical Oxidation was selected as a result of groundwater pH ranges and lack of PCE's anaerobic daughter product concentrations in soil and groundwater within affected area signifying that reductive dechlorination wasn't naturally occuring.
Date implemented:
Fall 2002- Excavation
Fall 2005- Lactate Injections
Fall 2006-Chemical Oxidation Phase I
Spring 2007-Chemical Oxidation Phase II
Final remediation design:
The Emergency Excavation removed soil from a 15'x15'x14' area. Approximately 51 tons of contaminated soil and 2,000 gallons of contaminated pit water due to heavy rains that partially filled the open excavation, were disposed of as hazardous waste.
Sodium lactate was injected into the subsurface at the site during the closure of temporary monitoring points. A total of 300 pounds of sodium lactate was injected into the subsurface.
During the Fall 2006 injection event, Innovative Environmental Technologies (IET) designed and implemented a remedial event that utilized 17 direct-push injections from 16-18 feet bgs and 35-37 feet bgs. The chemical oxidation event utilized 1,850 pounds of sodium persulfate, 1,235 pounds of ZVI, and 455 gallons of 12.5% hydrogen peroxide.
The second chemical oxidation event in Spring 2007 involved 17 direct push injections at the same depths as the first oxidation event. The chemical oxidation event utilized 16,380 pounds of sodium persulfate, 766 pounds of ZVI, and 1,524 gallons of 8% hydrogen peroxide.
Results to date:
Analytical GW Data PCE
Well 2005(ppb) 2009(ppb)
MW-1 390 36
MW-2 340 18
MW-3 440 270
MW-4 18000 3500
MW-5 16000 20000
MW-6 2200 370
A 46% PCE reduction throughout the site has been observed, however
PCE concentrations in MW-5 have increased, most likely due to the displacement of a sorbed mass of PCE, which might have occurred during the injections events or the abandonment of MW-4A. MW-4A was improperly installed in 2002 and was abandoned in 2008. During the abandonment of the former borehole area, the driller may have pressurized the area to prepare for closure. Water was noted to have been blown out of two nearby monitoring wells that drastically moved contaminants in the subsurface.
Next Steps:
The next step for the Former Modern Cleaners is the installation of two additional monitoring wells down-gradient of the site to redefine the contamination plume. Additional remedial injections may be needed to treat the new leading edge of the plume pushed west in the direction of the property line.
Cost to Design and Implement:
All technologies: Excavation-$54,129
Groundwater-$140,169
|
Costs
Cost
for Assessment:
|
|
$166,568 |
Cost
for Operation and Maintenance:
|
|
|
Total
Costs for Cleanup:
|
|
$360,929.00 |
Contacts
Program Manager
TDEC-DOR
Drycleaner Environmental Response Program
401 Church St. Nashville, TN
615-263-3876
Elizabeth Bishop
Innovative Environmental Technologies
6130 Kit Road
Pipersville, PA 18947
www.iet-inc.net
888-721-8283
elizabethbishop@iet-inc.net
|
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