Joyce Cleaners, Farmers Branch, Texas

State Coalition for Remediation of Drycleaners Site Profiles

Description
Historical activity that resulted in contamination.

Joyce Cleaners facility is a leased space within a multi-tenant commercial retail strip center. The property was developed in the 1955 for commercial use and is currently used for commercial purpose. It is assumed that the future use of the property will be commercial. The Joyce Cleaners facility still operational on the property.

Remediation Status: Site closed

Contaminants
Contaminants present and the highest amount detected in both soil and groundwater.

Contaminant	Media	Concentration (ppb)	Nondetect
cis-1,2-Dichloroethene	groundwater
Tetrachloroethene (PCE)	groundwater
Trichloroethene (TCE)	groundwater
Vinyl Chloride	groundwater

Site Hydrology

Deepest Significant Groundwater Contamination:		20ft bgs
Plume Size:
Average Depth to Groundwater:		9ft

Lithology and Subsurface Geology

Clayey Sand

Gradient: 0.001ft/ft

Pathways and DNAPL Presence

Groundwater

Sediments

Soil

DNAPL Present

Vapor Intrusion Pathway

Has the potential for vapor intrusion (VI) been evaluated?		No
Has a vapor mitigation system been installed?		No

Remediation Scenario

Cleanup Goals:		Clean up goals: MCLs
Remedy Level:		Full Scale Remedy

Technologies

In Situ Biostimulation

Why the technology was selected:
*Biostimulation: Planned for remediation on only one groundwater bearing unit and the "hot spots" of the plume.

Date implemented:
*Aug. 23 - 24, 2010: Biostimulation - Approx. 1,184 gal of 3DMe and EHC solution injected across 6 injection points.

Results to date:
*A biostimulation interim response action was implemented at the site on August 23 and 24, 2010. In order to determine the effectiveness of the response action, post-biostimulation groundwater monitoring was conducted on February 8, 2011, July 19, 2011, and December 6, 2011. There were no PCL exceedances during any of the three previous groundwater monitoring events conducted at the site. *Site Closed: Based on the detection of chlorinated ethenes in soil and the impervious cover on the site (i.e., building, concrete, pavement) reducing the soil exposure pathway, the most recent chlorinated hydrocarbon concentrations in groundwater, the natural attenuation of PCE in groundwater, and the reductive dechlorination of daughter products in groundwater at the site, the site has been closed.

Next Steps:
Site Closed - None

In Situ Chemical Oxidation

Why the technology was selected:
*FY09 Chem-ox: injections targeting "hot spots" of plume.

Date implemented:
*On April 23, 2009, and ISCO injection event occurred.

Final remediation design:
*On April 23, 2009, diluted NaMnO4 was prepared by mixing one pail (57 pounds) of NaMnO4 with 40 gallons of potable water in a holding drum to attain approximately 5% NaMnO4 solution, and this procedure was repeated for four additional times. Five injection points were advanced for delivery of diluted NaMnO4 into the chlorinated ethenes contaminated groundwater. Each injection point was advanced by truck-mounted GeoProbe® to a predetermined depth of 20 feet bgl. Approximately 225 gallons of diluted NaMnO4 solution were injected through the five injection points.

Next Steps:
Site Closed - None

Costs

Cost for Assessment:
Cost for Operation and Maintenance:
Total Costs for Cleanup:		$52, 121 (for ISCO event and GW monitoring) + $33,427 (for biostimulation injection event FY10) Total Cost = $88,548

Lessons Learned

Treating a large, dilute plume is not cost effective. Instead target the "hot spot" contaminent areas. Natural attentuation will continue to decrease the diluted concentrations as well. The soil concentrations were not a huge problem because the exposure pathway was not a problem since the site was covered in concrete for a majority of the area.

Contacts

Richard Scharlach, Technical Specialist
PST / DCRP Section
Remediation Division
Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ)

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U.S. EPA Contaminated Site Cleanup Information (CLU-IN)

State Coalition for Remediation of Drycleaners Site Profiles