Dry Clean USA # 11502, Orlando, Florida

State Coalition for Remediation of Drycleaners Site Profiles

Description
Historical activity that resulted in contamination.

Dry Clean USA (DC USA) is a former PCE drycleaning facility that operated from 1988 to 1998. The site is located in a shopping center in a mixed retail commercial/residential setting. Another drycleaning operation was located in the same shopping center approximately 65 ft east of the DC USA facility and operated from 1957 to 1988. Three public water supply wells are located within a one-mile radius of the site. The shopping center was served by a septic system until the early 1970s. Soil sampling shows that the contaminant source areas appear to be the soil beneath the building floor slab where the drycleaning machine was formerly located and the sanitary sewer lateral line.

Remediation Status: Site closed

Contaminants
Contaminants present and the highest amount detected in both soil and groundwater.

Contaminant	Media	Concentration (ppb)	Nondetect
Tetrachloroethene (PCE)	groundwater	27,300 ppb
Tetrachloroethene (PCE)	soil	3,900 ppb

Site Hydrology

Deepest Significant Groundwater Contamination:		68ft bgs
Plume Size:		Plume Length: 800ft Plume Width: 300ft
Average Depth to Groundwater:		9ft

Lithology and Subsurface Geology

		Slightly silty, fine to medium-grained quartz sands Depth: 0-47ft bgs 47ft thick Conductivity: 1.9ft/day Gradient: 0.002ft/ft
		slighly sandy clay Depth: 47-53ft bgs 6ft thick Conductivity: 0.4ft/day
		Fine to medium-grained sand interbedded with clayey sand Depth: 53-83ft bgs 30ft thick Conductivity: 0.4ft/day
		Sandy, clayey, silt Depth: 83-89ft bgs 6ft thick Conductivity: 0.4ft/day
		Fine to coarse-grained sand with shell fragments Depth: 89-93ft bgs 4ft thick Conductivity: 0.4ft/day
		Hard phosphatic limestone Depth: 93-94ft bgs 1ft thick

Pathways and DNAPL Presence

Groundwater

Sediments

Soil

DNAPL Present

Remediation Scenario

Cleanup Goals:

Maximum Contaminant Levels Groundwater;PCE = 3.0 mg/L,
Soil - PCE = 30 µg/kg (leachability)

Technologies

In Situ Chemical Oxidation		Date implemented: Chemical Oxidation Injection Event: October 4-5, 2005 Final remediation design: Low-level PCE concentrations in the source area well (installed beneath the facility floor slab and screened across the water table and the capillary zone) continued to persist, and the decision was made to polish contaminated groundwater using chemical oxidation. On October 4-5, an additional monitoring well was installed in the source area, and 1,057 gallons of a 1% hydrogen peroxide was injected into the former source area monitoring well. Next Steps: PCE concentrations in groundwater have met cleanup target levels for four consecutive quarterly monitoring events. The site has met No Further Action critera and a Site Rehabilitation Completion Order will be issued. Cost to Design and Implement: Chemical Oxidation: $28,400
In Situ Soil Vapor Extraction		Why the technology was selected: SVE was chosen to remediate the soils at the site because it is a proven technology for recovering VOCs from permeable unsaturated sediments. Date implemented: SVE/Pump & Treat: April 1999 Final remediation design: SVE: Two 4-inch diameter SDR 11 HDPE laterals with 0.01-inch slot screens, 100 feet in length were installed beneath the facility at a depth of 5 ft BLS. The system was powered by a 10 HP rotary lobe blower. The system was designed to operate at a vacuum of 30 inches of water column and a flow rate of 70 scfm. Off gas was treated with a 1000 lb. G.A.C. unit. Results to date: The SVE system was shut down on December 1, 2000. It recovered an estimated 9.8 lbs. of VOCs. Operation of the SVE system and the groundwater recovery system was successful in reducing contaminant concentrations in groundwater to single digit µg/l levels. Next Steps: PCE concentrations in groundwater have met cleanup target levels for four consecutive quarterly monitoring events. The site has met No Further Action critera and a Site Rehabilitation Completion Order will be issued. Cost to Design and Implement: SVE/Pump & Treat systems: $221,400
Ex Situ Air Stripping		Why the technology was selected: Groundwater recovery was chosen to contain the contaminant plume and remediate contaminated groundwater. Date implemented: SVE/Pump & Treat: April 1999 Final remediation design: The groundwater recovery system consisted of one six-inch diameter PVC recovery well screened 5-25 ft BLS. A Grundfos submersible pump was utilized. The design pumping rate was 7-10 gpm. Recovered groundwater was treated in a low profile air stripper and then discharged to an infiltration gallery. Results to date: The groundwater recovery system was shut down on January 17, 2001. Due to a rebound in contaminant concentrations, however, it was restarted on February 26, 2001 and ran until November 2002. The groundwater recovery system recovered an estimated 7.1 million gallons of water and recovered a negligible amount of VOCs. Operation of the SVE system and the groundwater recovery system was successful in reducing contaminant concentrations in groundwater to single digit µg/l levels. Next Steps: PCE concentrations in groundwater have met cleanup target levels for four consecutive quarterly monitoring events. The site has met No Further Action critera and a Site Rehabilitation Completion Order will be issued. Cost to Design and Implement: SVE/Pump & Treat systems: $221,400
Ex Situ Carbon Adsorption		Why the technology was selected: SVE was chosen to remediate the soils at the site because it is a proven technology for recovering VOCs from permeable unsaturated sediments. Groundwater recovery was chosen to contain the contaminant plume and remediate contaminated groundwater. Date implemented: SVE/Pump & Treat: April 1999 Chemical Oxidation Injection Event: October 4-5, 2005 Final remediation design: SVE: Two 4-inch diameter SDR 11 HDPE laterals with 0.01-inch slot screens, 100 feet in length were installed beneath the facility at a depth of 5 ft BLS. The system was powered by a 10 HP rotary lobe blower. The system was designed to operate at a vacuum of 30 inches of water column and a flow rate of 70 scfm. Off gas was treated with a 1000 lb. G.A.C. unit. Results to date: The SVE system was shut down on December 1, 2000. It recovered an estimated 9.8 lbs. of VOCs. Operation of the SVE system and the groundwater recovery system was successful in reducing contaminant concentrations in groundwater to single digit µg/l levels. Next Steps: PCE concentrations in groundwater have met cleanup target levels for four consecutive quarterly monitoring events. The site has met No Further Action critera and a Site Rehabilitation Completion Order will be issued. Cost to Design and Implement: SVE/Pump & Treat systems: $221,400
Ex Situ Pump and Treat		Why the technology was selected: Groundwater recovery was chosen to contain the contaminant plume and remediate contaminated groundwater. Date implemented: SVE/Pump & Treat: April 1999 Final remediation design: The groundwater recovery system consisted of one six-inch diameter PVC recovery well screened 5-25 ft BLS. A Grundfos submersible pump was utilized. The design pumping rate was 7-10 gpm. Recovered groundwater was treated in a low profile air stpper and then discharged to an infiltration gallery. Results to date: The groundwater recovery system was shut down on January 17, 2001. Due to a rebound in contaminant concentrations, however, it was restarted on February 26, 2001 and ran until November 2002. The groundwater recovery system recovered an estimated 7.1 million gallons of water and recovered a negligible amount of VOCs. Operation of the SVE system and the groundwater recovery system was successful in reducing contaminant concentrations in groundwater to single digit µg/l levels. Next Steps: PCE concentrations in groundwater have met cleanup target levels for four consecutive quarterly monitoring events. The site has met No Further Action critera and a Site Rehabilitation Completion Order will be issued. Cost to Design and Implement: SVE/Pump & Treat systems: $221,400

Costs

Cost for Assessment:		$97,700
Cost for Operation and Maintenance:		$147,800 (includes monitoring)
Total Costs for Cleanup:		$503,300

Lessons Learned

1. Numerical groundwater modeling was very valuable in siting the recovery well on location.

2. The injection of a low concentration of a chemical oxidant in the upper portion of the surficial aquifer and the capillary fringe was successful in polishing low concentrations of contaminants and closing the site.

Contacts

Aaron Cohen
Florida Dept. of Environmental Protection
Bureau of Waste Cleanup, MS 4500
2600 Blair Stone Road
Tallahassee, Florida 32399
850-245-8974
Aaron.Cohen@dep.state.fl.us

Mike Lodato, PG
GeoSyntec
14055 River Edge Drive, Suite 300
Tampa, FL 33637
(813) 558-9829
mLodato@GeoSyntec.com

Site Specific References

Contamination Assessment Report-9/97
Remedial Action Plan-8/98
System Start-up Report and Record Drawings Submittal 8/4/99
Operation & Maintenance Reports
Ground Water Monitoring Reports

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